IntrOductIOnCataract is the major cause of blindness in India accounting for about 62.6% amongst all the causes for blindness [1]. Extra capsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber IOL implantation is the commonest ocular surgery performed at all the eye care centres. Posterior capsular opacification is a frequent complication of cataract surgery with posterior chamber IOP implantation [2]. It varies from 7% to 31% by 2 years post-operatively [3]. Nd-Yag laser capsulotomy is a safe, non-invasive and time trusted procedure for PCO. In post Yag Capsulotomy the common complications documented are IOP rise, hyphaema, cystoid macular oedema, corneal haze, uveitis, IOL pits and retinal detachments. IOP spike is the most frequent of all [4].It has been postulated that the increase in IOP post Yag capsulotomy is due to reduced outflow facility because of blockage of trabecular meshwork by the capsular debris, vitreous particles floating in the anterior chamber, depending on the size of capsulotomy and other humoral factors [5][6][7].Kraff and co-authors have found that the IOP spike post capsulotomy is lower in pseudophakes compared to aphakes, as IOL would block the capsular and vitreal debris reaching the anterior chamber which blocks the trabecular meshwork [8,9]. The maximum rise is seen 2-4 hours post-procedure.Most ophthalmologists prescribe antiglaucoma medications for the first week post-procedure. The drugs preferred are α 2 adrenergic receptor agonists as ocular hypotensives. Patients who have been documented with glaucoma need to be monitored more frequently and require pre-procedure antiglaucoma drugs too.In our study we tried to correlate the energy used and the number of shots delivered for the laser to the IOP spike recorded postprocedure. This correlation will help us to determine those patients who require prophylactic antiglaucoma drugs and a more closer follow-up. This will avoid the emperic usage of antiglaucoma drugs in all the pseudophakes undergoing laser capsulotomy.Thus, not all patients will require a post-procedure medication and regular visit to the hospital. MAterIAls And MethOdsAll patients of pseudophakia with PCO attending the Ophthalmology Out Patient Department at Sri Siddhartha Medical college from November 2014 to November 2015 were randomly selected and included in the study. The patients having PCO following cataract surgery, with no other complications were included in the study. Patients with Glaucoma, Uveitis, High-Myopia and posterior segment disorder were excluded from the study. A total of 35 patients were included and the results were drawn. The patients were subjected to visual acuity testing, slit lamp examination for type of PCO, position of IOL, pre-procedure refractive status check up, fundus examination, Autorefractometer evaluation and IOP measurement using Goldmanns applanation tonometer.Post-procedure the IOP was evaluated immediate post-procedure, two hours post-procedure and one week from the date of laser. Immediate Post-Procedure the patients were evaluat...

To compare various accommodative parameters in peri-presbyopic diabetic patients with age-matched healthy individuals.To compare Four Accommodative parameters in peri-presbyopic early onset diabetic patients and age matched non-diabetic individuals.1. To compare and analyse Four accommodative parameters in peri-presbyopic early onset diabetics with that of peri-presbyopic age matched non-diabetic individuals (35-45; years); 2. To analyse the effect of treatment / metabolic control on the parameters. 3. To observe, if any, other systemic association that affects accomodation in both cases and controls.Study setting – peri-presbyopic symptomatic patients attending the Ophthalmology outpatient department, from August 2016- December 2016. This cross-sectional case-control study was performed on 50 young onset peri-presbyopic early onset symptomatic diabetics and 50 age-matched peri-presbyopic, Non-diabetic individuals. Using the best correction for distance visual acuity, multiple accommodative ability tests such as near point of accommodation, accommodative amplitude, negative or positive accommodative facility and near point of convergence were measured in both groups. Statistical analysis made using SPSS version 16 Normality of distribution was checked with Kolmogrov-Smirnov test. Differences in accommodative functions between groups tested using student T test, Man Whitney test and repeated measures of analysis of variances. Level of significance was set at p-values <0.001. Mean NPA, Mean AA and Mean AF were statistically significant (p<0.001).Mean positive RA, Mean negative RA and Mean NPC did not reach statistical significance. Majority of accommodative ability functions are decreased in Peri-presbyopic diabetic patients. Early detection and rehabilitation of such patients with full near vision correction is strongly recommended.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of pediatric accelerated cross linking (CXL). Methods: A prospective study on progressive keratoconus (KC) cases under ≤18 years of age. Sixty four eyes of thirty nine cases underwent epithelium-off accelerated CXL protocol. Visual acuity (VA), slit-lamp examination, refraction, pentacam reading of keratometry (K), corneal thickness, and thinnest location pachymetry were noted. Cases were followed up on days 1, 5, and at 1 st , 3 rd , 6 th , and 12th-month post procedure. Results: Statistically, significant improvement of the mean aided VA, K, and mean corneal astigmatism ( p < 0.0001) was noted. Mean Kmax reading reduced from 55.5 ± 5.64 (47.4–70.4) diopter (D) preoperatively to 54.41 ± 5.51 (46–68.3) D at 12 months postaccelerated CXL. Two cases had progression. Complications encountered were sterile infiltrate and persistent haze. Conclusion: Accelerated CXL is effective and efficacious in pediatric KC.