Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there has been chaos in the world. With the COVID-19 cases rising, many other medical diseases have been ignored and not prioritized. One of these crucial diseases is Tuberculosis (TB). TB is a highly infectious bacterial respiratory disease. Every year there are millions of cases that are registered all around the world. TB is seen in two forms, an active and a latent form. In both of the states, the individual with TB is immunocompromised. This is of great importance, as COVID-19 is known to readily infect individuals in an immunocompromised state more than those with a healthy immune system. Although a little investigation about coexisting infections with COVID-19 and TB is conducted, it is important to consider many factors that can be beneficial to help treat these patients with both conditions effectively and promptly. A few of these factors are pathophysiological relation, diagnostic measurements, effects of each condition on the other, and approaches to treatment. Through a literature review of available information, we summarized the knowledge regarding the correlation between Latent TB infection and COVID-19 infection. The main objective of this publication is to provide a brief overview of how the two conditions overlap with one another. The article also provides a clinical review of how to approach these two conditions in a scenario where an individual is found to be infected with both Latent TB and COVID-19.

End-of-life medical services in the form of Hospice or Palliative care were initiated in the middle of 1900 in order to comfort the dying patients and support their families. There are a lot of similarities and differences between the two services. Many healthcare providers, including physicians, physician assistants, and nurses, are not fully trained or have comprehensive knowledge of these two types of end-of-life medical care. Through this paper, we aim to provide a thorough review of Hospice and Palliative care for internist and primary care physicians both in terms of indications or eligibility criteria; the similarities and differences between the two types of care; factors that disqualify an enrolled patient; and lastly, the role or use of Hospice and palliative care during COVID-19 pandemic.

0.009) H 2 baseline (14.1 6 7.1 ppm (mean 6 SD)) than controls (6.8 6 3.9 ppm). The IBS group baseline CH 4 (12.1 1 11.5 ppm) was 36% higher than the healthy controls (7.8 6 7.8 ppm) but didn't reach statistical significance (p 5 0.3) (Table ) Conclusion: Given the connection between diverse gut microflora and health, finding mechanisms to influence this environment is favorable. Prebiotic fibers, like 2'-FL, have the potential to enrich this microenvironment through microbial fermentation. However, in order to gain such a health benefit, the prebiotic must be metabolized by the host's gut microflora. Our data demonstrate the individualized nature of host-microbiome fermentation response across subjects and support the use of a more personalized approach. Daily breath analysis has the potential to identify microbial responders, as well as being used to help optimize dosing and tolerance over time.

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