With increasing incidence of immunocompromised patients, many unusual organisms are emerging as pathogens in these patients. Ochrobactrum anthropi is an emerging opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Here, we report two cases of neonates who presented with septicemia due to O. anthropi. Both were preterm and low birth weight babies admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our Hospital. One baby manifested with respiratory distress and eventually died. The second baby responded well to treatment and was discharged. The clinical presentation of infections along with microbiological characteristics and clinical significance of the organism are described.

Background: Blood stream infections are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Illness associated with blood stream infection ranges from self-limiting infections to life-threatening sepsis that require rapid and aggressive antimicrobial treatment. So, knowledge of local pathogens and susceptibility patterns is essential to start prompt and appropriate empirical therapy and also to formulate and update antibiotic policy. Increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance, changing patterns of antimicrobial usage, and the wide use of indwelling catheters may change the epidemiology and outcome of bloodstream infection.Methods & Materials: The data from blood cultures received over a period of 4 years from 2011-2014 were retrospectively analysed by using WHONET 5.6 software. Common demographic parameters of patients were noted. The change in trends of etiology and susceptibility pattern of pathogens causing BSIs at a tertiary care hospital was studied Results: A total of 12553 blood cultures were processed with 1651(13.1%) showing positive cultures. Maximum blood cultures were received from medical wards followed by paediatric ICU. Gram negative bacteria (GNB mainly Enterobacteriaceae) were predominant cause of bacteremia in all 4years but pseudomonas and acinetobacter were emerging as newer pathogens.Predominant isolate in 2011 was E.coli (44%) and in 2014 was Acinetobacter spp (88%) . We have observed increase in multidrug resistant bacteria over 4 years. The prevalence of ESBLs has increased from 61.6%(2011) to 66%(2014) and that of Carbapenamase producers from 13.6% to 25%.MRSA has jumped from 50% to 60% and Amp C producers were detected at a rate ranging between 69-71%.The most effective antimicrobials against GNB were carbapenems and aminoglycosides and against gram positive cocci were Vancomycin and Linezolid Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were predominant cause of bacteremia . Drug resistance in bacteria is increasing over the years which need effective implementation of the antibiotic policy formulated according to local susceptibility pattern. http://dx. Emergence of multidrug resistant and non-vaccine serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital, Southern India