Violence against women and girls and its legal, social, psychological and related issues are not a new topic in social science. However, it has attracted a significant amount of attention from many researchers and still needs further investigation. Among different sources provoking violence against females such as gender inequality, insufficient protective legal systems, cultural pressure and etc., different marital patterns have been reported by the informants of this research. Child marriage, consanguineous marriage and unregistered/white marriage put girls and women in a vulnerable position. For example, under the pressure of abusive behavior in family, females escape from patriarchal family, leave their city/country and live as a refugee. In more severe cases, they attempt suicide under the pressure of pain and suffering. In comparison with developed countries where the human rights of the female are well-established and such marital patterns are not seen, these types of martial patterns are reported in patriarchal societies. Therefore, this study introduces these patterns and describes their effects on provoking the domestic violence. Through interview sessions with victims of domestic violence, a qualitative methodology was used to gain in-depth information. To avoid or reduce the financial, emotional and physical costs of domestic violence, it is necessary that counselors, health care provider systems, society and authorities prioritize prevention methods and intervention programs to improve the cultural level of the society and to encourage people toward developing a violence-free society.

Achievement motivation is a very important element in students' academic success (Steinmayr et al., 2019). This is especially true at the postgraduate level when students are expected to work independently on research projects. The purpose of the present research was to examine how psychological well-being, social adjustment and social responsibility predicted achievement motivation among Arab postgraduate students in Malaysia. The sample consisted of (137) Arab students currently pursuing their postgraduate studies in Malaysia: (59 Syrians, 32 Yemeni, and 46 Libyans). Data were collected using the Achievement Motivation test (Smith, 2018), Ryff's psychological well-being test (1989), Social adjustment test (Bell, 1934) and the Social Responsibility Test (Othman, 1979). Multiple Regression Analysis and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Results showed that psychological well-being, social adjustment and social responsibility were significant predictors of achievement motivation among Arab postgraduate students. Furthermore, social responsibility was the most significant predictor of achievement motivation among Arab postgraduate students. The study also showed that there were differences in psychological well-being, social adjustment, social responsibility and achievement motivation among Syrian, Yemeni and Libyan students. These findings have a special significance as they show the possible contribution of these variables to the achievement motivation of Arab students in the diaspora. This will inform future studies about this population.

The counselling profession has an affirmative stance towards LGBT clients. It is contradicting to the religious beliefs upheld by majority counsellors in the Muslim society. The difference between the stance of the counselling profession and religious beliefs create value conflicts among Muslim counsellors from the mainstream group. A grounded theory approach was used to explain how Muslim counsellors experience value conflicts in counselling Muslim LGBT clients. In-depth interviews were conducted with six counsellors at Public Institutions of Higher Education (PIHE) in Peninsular Malaysia. The findings revealed that the Muslim counsellors experienced three types of value conflicts; conflicting goals, conflicting roles, and conflicting interests. In overcoming the conflicts, they used three strategies; seeking information, prioritizing religious over professional values, and balancing between personal and professional interests.

Islam discourages the believers f rom keeping envious feelings in their hearts. In modern psychology, en\Y i s Jinked with a group of negative mental health outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, and aggressive behaviors. This study i s an attempt to develop a scale o f enlp management based on the teaching o f al-Ghazali, one of a Muslim scholar known as Hujjat a/-Islam, The Proof o f Islam. The Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaSJ developed b y Lange & Crusius (2015) was administered to 200 Muslim students of on Islamic higher learning institution in Malaysia to evaluate their benign and malicious tendencies towards emy. Additionally. the Islamic Envy Management Scale (IEMS) was developed in accordance with a/-Ghazali's proposition on how t o eltminate envious feelings among Muslim adults and wasadministered to the sample. Principal Components Analysis yielded two factors, namely knowledge and action, with a total variance extracted of 55.5%. The result.ant scale had a Cronbach Alpha o/0.7. The scale had showed a significant positive correlation with the benign envy and a significant negative correlation with malicious envy.