Atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumour is a rare and highly malignant cancer that mainly occurs in children younger than the age of 5 years. Only four cases of atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumour in the sella turcica of an adult have been described in the English language literature. This report is of an atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumour occurring in the sella turcica of a female adult.

Neurenteric cyst is a notably rare epithelium-lined cystic lesion found in the central nervous system. Malignant transformation of the neurenteric cyst is infrequent, with only six cases reported in the English literature. We report the case of a 74-year-old patient with recurrent neurenteric cyst in the posterior cranial fossa that underwent malignant transformation 2 years after initial surgery. Histologically, the initial lesion was compatible with benign neurenteric cyst, whereas the recurrent lesion illustrated features of adenocarcinoma.

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Introduction: The current mainstay treatment strategy for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is endovascular therapy. The use of transarterial Onyx 18 for treatment of DAVFs has been established, but there is limited literature on transvenous embolisation of DAVFs using Onyx 18 and Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). We herein present our preliminary experience of combined use of Onyx 18 and GDCs in treatment of DAVFs using a transvenous approach. Endovascular techniques, clinical and angiographic outcomes, and complications are discussed. We aimed to share our experiences to provide a foundation for future studies to improve patient care. Methods: We retrospectively analysed all patients with DAVF (n=5, age 23-60 years) with endovascular treatment using Onyx 18 and GDCs performed in the same session, who were treated in our institution between 2014 and 2015. The double-catheter technique with transvenous approach was performed in all five cases. Treatment response and complications were evaluated clinically. We assessed the treatment outcomes with digital subtraction angiogram at 6 months and 18 months after embolisation, assessing the degree of residual arteriovenous shunting and presence of cortical venous reflux. Results: Among the five reviewed cases, all achieved symptom alleviation. In two (40%) cases of DAVFs complete obliteration was achieved in the first session of embolisation; in one case significant reduction of arteriovenous shunting was achieved. In two (40%) cases, significant reduction of flow into DAVF was achieved after two separate sessions of embolisation. There were no reported cases of new neurological deficits after the procedures. Conclusion: Onyx 18 in combination with GDCs using transvenous approach for DAVF treatment is a safe and feasible method, with a reasonably high success rate in a small sample. As DAVF is a spectrum of diseases with different severities and locations, treatment approaches should be highly individualised and a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted.

a 47-year-old woman presented with peripheral upper and lower limb numbness and recurrent headaches, and a history of transient expressive dysphasia with spontaneous recovery 6 years previously. She also developed gradual cognitive impairment and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after that. Extensive blood tests and imaging including echocardiogram were all unremarkable. Nerve conduction testing revealed demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy of the lower limbs. Three months previously the patient was admitted with rapid deterioration in her physical and mental condition, as well as lower limb oedema. Chest radiograph showed new bilateral pleural effusions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain studies revealed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement mainly in the central skull base cisterns and bilateral posterior