Many species are jeopardized by hybridization and genetic introgression with closely related species.Unfortunately, the mechanisms that promote or retard gene flow between divergent populations are little studied and poorly understood. Like many imperiled fish species, the Pecos pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis) is threatened with replacement by its hybrids with a close congener. We examined swimming performance and growth rate of hybrid pupfish to determine the role of hybrid vigor in the genetic homogenization of C. pecosensis by its hybrids with sheepshead minnow (C. variegatus). The F1 hybrids, backcross hybrids, and purebred C. variegatus displayed greater swimming endurance than purebred C. pecosensis. In addition, F1 hybrids and C. variegatus grew more rapidly than C. pecosensis. The ecological superiority of hybrids probably promoted their rapid spread through and beyond the historic range of C. pecosensis. These results indicate that eradication of hybrids and restoration of C. pecosensis to its native range is unlikely. Extinction of unique species via genetic homogenization can result from human activities that increase gene flow between historically fragmented populations; conservation managers must weigh the potential for such a catastrophe against the presumed benefits of increased interpopulation gene flow. This example illustrates how, after hybridization has occurred, conflict may arise between formerly complementary conservation goals.El Papel de Vigor Híbrido en el Reemplazo de Cyprinodon pecosensis por Sus Híbridos con C. variegatus Resumen: Muchas especies están en peligro por hibridación e introgresión genética con especies cercanamente relacionadas. Desafortunadamente, los mecanismos que promueven o retardan el flujo génico entre poblaciones divergentes son poco estudiados y comprendidos. Como muchas especies de peces en peligro,Cyprinodon pecosensis está amenazada con reemplazo por sus híbridos con un congénere cercano. Examinamos el desempeño natatorio y la tasa de crecimiento de peces híbridos para determinar el papel del vigor híbrido en la homogenización genética de C. pecosensis por sus híbridos con C. variegatus. Los híbridos F1, los híbridos de retrocruza y C. variegatus puros mostraron mayor resistencia natatoria que C. pecosensis puros. Adicionalmente, los híbridos F1 y C. variegatus crecieron más rápidamente que C. pecosensis. La superioridad ecológica de híbridos probablemente promovió su rápida dispersión dentro y más allá del rango histórico de C. pecosensis. Estos resultados indican que la erradicación de híbridos y la restauración de C. pecosensis en su rango nativo es poco probable. La extinción de especiesúnicas por vía de homogenización genética puede ser resultado de actividades humanas que incrementan el flujo génico entre poblaciones históricamente fragmentadas; los gestores de conservación deben sopesar el potencial de tal catástrofe con los supuestos beneficios
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