Salinity is a complex phenomenon that affects the metabolic processes of the plant, changing the physiological and biochemical parameters. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on growth, biomass and gas exchanges in soybean crop in soil with and without biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Agrometeorological Station of the UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, from May to June 2016. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to the levels of irrigation water salinity: 0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without and with bovine biofertilizer, in five replicates. The following variables were evaluated: growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf area), biomass (leaf, root and total dry matter) and gas exchanges (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Irrigation water salinity reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, but with less intensity in the plants that received bovine biofertilizer. The aerobically fermented bovine biofertilizer attenuates saline stress on the initial growth and biomass of soybean plants.

Inferior quality water can be used by agricultural producers in arid and semi-arid regions due to the lower availability of good-quality water. Therefore, the objective was to identify the influence of irrigation with saline water on gas exchange and leaf contents in corn (Zea mays L.) crop. The work was conducted in the field, in the experimental area of the Experimental Farm of the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia (UNILAB), Redenção-CE. The experimental design used in the research was randomized blocks, with five treatments: 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m -1 and four repetitions. At 45 days after sowing (DAS) the gas exchange variables were evaluated: transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, internal CO 2 concentration, water use efficiency and leaf temperature. And at 110 DAS the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in plant leaves. The saline stress due to saltwater irrigation leads to a reduction in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO 2 concentration and transpiration in field maize plants. Salt stress reduces the levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg mineral elements in maize leaves.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o conhecimento sobre tema solo com alunos do ensino fundamental, realizar uma ação de extensão através projeto intitulado Educação em solos no Maciço de Baturité e avaliar o progresso dos estudantes a respeito do tema solo após a atividade. O trabalho foi realizado com alunos do 4ºano da escola da rede pública de ensino Edmilson Barros de Oliveira, localizada no Município de Redenção, Estado do Ceará. A atividade consistiu em uma parte teórica, onde foram trabalhados temas relacionados ao solo como a importância do solo, formação do solo, seus constituintes e suas características e as ações que levam a degradação do solo. Para melhor compreensão dos alunos, trabalhou-se também com experimentos de infiltração de água no solo, montagem de perfil do solo, sequência de formação do solo e erosão do solo. Os alunos foram avaliados antes e após a atividade por meio de utilização de questionários, com cinco questões. Os resultados demonstraram que antes da atividade os alunos tinham uma visão muito básica do solo, com problemas em identificar a sua importância, seus constituintes e sua formação. Após a atividade, verificou-se que os alunos aumentaram o nível de conhecimento em relação aos assuntos tratados. A utilização da experimentação foi fundamental para participação dos alunos e no entendimento do que foi falado. Com isso, pode-se concluir que a educação em solos com a sua proposta metodológica, principalmente prática contribui para melhoria do ensino de solos nas escolas.

Triplaris gardneriana populary know as ‘Pajeu’ is a tree species with potential for recovery of riparian forests. The aim of this work was to evaluate the emergence and initial development of saplings in different substrates. The experiment was conducted in the didactic garden of the Campus Liberdade, from the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, in the municipality of Redenção, Ceará State. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates of 25 seeds was used. The substrates used were: soil, soil + humus, soil + compost, soil + manure, soil + humus + cattle manure and soil + humus + compost. Seedling emergence, emergence speed index, plant height and root length were evaluated. The substrate soil + humus + compost provided better seedling quality possibly due to the best physical characteristics, such as aerations and water retention.