RESUMEDans cette étude, une évaluation rétrospective sur 3 ans de la prévalence de l'hémoglobine S dans le Centre médical urbain de Samadin a été faite. Ensuite, les effets d'extraits aqueux de trois plantes utilisées dans le traitement de la drépanocytose chez des malades ont été évalués. L'évaluation de prévalence sur les dossiers de malades ayant réalisé une électrophorèse sur les trois dernières années dans le centre donne 87% pour AS, 2,4% pour SS et 10,6% pour SC. Elle a été faite sur 2133 patients dont 208 présentaient l'hémoglobine S. Pour évaluation des effets antifalcémiante de Jatropha curcas, Antisickling activity of extracts of three medicinal plants of Bukina Faso:Jatropha curcas, Khaya senegalensis and Dichrostachys cinerea ABSTRACT In this study a retrospective evaluation of sickling hemoglobin prevalence has been carried out during the last three years in Samadin urban medical center. In the other way, the effects of aqueous extract of three plants using in traditional treatment of sickle-cell anemia in Burkina Faso were studied. The results of S. SAWADOGO et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(5): 2016-2027, 2017 2017 prevalence in the sickle-cell disease, in Samdin urban center made on 2133 patients out of which 208 presenting hemoglobin S had given 87% of AS, 2.4% of SS and 10.6% for SC. For evaluating the antisickling activities Jatropha curcas, of Khaya senegalensis and Dichrostachys cinerea, we incubed for 30 minutes cells globin AS in the aqueous extracts of these three plants and counted the residual sickling cells in the Emmel test. The results expressed in percentage are compared with those of blank example. We obtained 97% with Jatropha curcas, 32% with Khaya senegalensis and 91% with Dichrostachys cinerea. The results of the study show that the aqueous extracts of these three plants have some components with antisickling activities and support the traditional use of these plants in management of sickle-cell disease.

Jatropha curcas is a medicinal plant whose dead leaves are particularly used in arterial hypertension and diabetes treatment. The purpose of this study is to conduct an acute and subacute toxicity study of Jatropha curcas leaves aqueous extract (JCLAE) using OECD method. For acute toxicity, dose limits of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg were used. In subacute toxicity study 4 batches were constituted including a control batch that received distilled water for 28 days and the other 3 batches, JCLAE doses of respectively 200, 400, 800 mg/kg for the same duration. The LD50 was determined and the hematological, biochemical and histological parameters were analyzed in mice. The LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg. HDL-C is the only biochemical parameter that has experienced significant rise variation. Hematological analysis showed a decrease in mean platelet volume and Platelets number. The histological study revealed cases of hepatic cellular apoptosis and kidneys tubular necrosis among animals treated with highest dose. JCLAE is less toxic than Jatropha curcas leaves aqueous extract and high-dose JCLAE also has a moderate toxic effect on thrombocyte line and a protective effect on cardiovascular system.

In uterine smooth muscle, the effects of Excoecaria grahamii are not yet documented. To fill this gap, we investigated the pharmacological effect of Excoecaria grahamii on the contraction of the rat isolated uterine horns. The isolated segments were exposed to different concentrations of the aqueous extract of Excoecaria grahamii leaves and pharmacological drugs. The results showed that Excoecaria grahamii aqueous extract decreased the amplitude and frequency by concentration-related manner. I C 50 values were 2.4 and 2.6, respectively, for amplitude and frequency. Our study revealed that the extract did not act through histamine H2-receptors or the nitric oxide pathway. It also inhibited uterine contractions induced by oxytocin and potassium chloride (KCl). These data suggest that Excoecaria grahamii active compound can be used for calming uterine contractions. The action of Excoecaria grahamii showed that it can be useful to fight against diseases which caused uterotonic effects. It can be useful to prevent preterm birth and pains caused by menstruations but further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanism action.

In this study, we evaluated Gomphrena celosioides aqueous extract effects, a plant used in high blood pressure traditional treatment in human patients, on isolated vascular rings contractility of rat aorta submitted to myocardial ischemia created by coronary ligation for 7 days and 14 days. Vascular reactivity measurement for rings subjected to injections of Gomphrena celosioides aqueous extract at increasing doses from 10-9 μg/mL to 10-2 μg/mL indicated dose-dependent relaxation and dependent endothelium on rat aorta preparations IDM D7 and IDM 14D. Obtained rates are comparable to those of Ach. Indeed, the GC relaxation rates on EP contraction do not give significantly different values compared to Ach which is the reference substance. Relaxation maximum value and Ec50 in IDM 7D are 585 ± 1.10 and 1.89.10-9 μg/mL versus Ach, 567 ± 6.69 and 1.89.10-9 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand the same proportions were noted in rats IDM 14D; GC gives as maximum values: 591.33 ± 10.77 and Ec50 of 2.73.10-9 and for the Ach one has: 647 ± 9.54 and Ec50 1.34.10-9 µg/mL. A significant effect was not also note in SHAM compared to NOP. Experimentation does not result in a change in endothelial function and therefore any change noted would be due to ischemia effects. In conclusion our results are due to the fact that the model ischemia does not cause a significant alteration to modify endothelial function. A long duration of ischemia would be necessary to better mimic pathological situations often observed in patients.

Background: Excoecaria grahamii is a traditional medicinal plant use in Burkina Faso and other part in the word to treat many diseases. However, its antioxydant and antidiabetic effects are not yet demonstrated. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of Excoecaria grahamii on oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Materials and Method: The antioxidant effect was investigated by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS essays while the anti-hyperglycemic effect were evaluated using α-amylase and β-galactosidase inhibitory assays. In addition, the phytochemical screening for some targeted compounds was carried out. Results: The result has shown that Excoecaria grahamii have antioxidant effect. Regarding the antidiabetic effect our data have shown only an inhibitory effect on α-amylase enzyme but not on β-galactosidase. Phytochemical study has shown the presence of gallic tannins, terpenoids and flavonoids in all the extract. Only aqueous extract have shown saponins. No catechic tannins and anthraquinones have been showed. Conclusions: This study suggests that Excoecaria grahamii contain chemicals components that can reduce oxidative stress and post prandial glucose enhance. It can be useful in the fight against antioxidant-related diseases such as those seen during ageing.