With the technological development the e-commerce channel began to spread to all sectors of the economy. In 2020 with the introduction of sanitary and epidemiological restrictions because of COVID-19 pandemic, many countries lifted the ban of drug e-commerce. Such changes are interesting from the point of view of health economics, and the opening of this sales channel significantly reduces transaction costs and increases the physical availability of drugs, especially in regions with low population density. The article attempts to evaluate the effects of legalization of online sales of drugs on price level and the degree of market concentration (the concentration of the 5 largest companies is used as a proxy), and also uses new methods to estimate the effects of legalizing e-commerce on drug markets. High rates of industry and drug market concentration can lead to a noticeable decrease in the availability of goods. Legalizing e-commerce can be seen as a way to reduce market concentration by facilitating market entry for small firms. The effects of lifting the ban on remote drug sales are estimated using regression analysis on panel data, cross-country matching, and synthetic control. Empirical estimates provide an overall picture of the effects of legalizing online drug sales. After allowing remote drug sales market concentration decreases, indicating a reduction in information asymmetry and switching costs. This effect is particularly important for countries with a high proportion of pensioners, for whom the switching costs are noticeably higher ceteris paribus. Allowing distance trade, due to reducing information asymmetry, drug pricing also slows down, that is, in addition to increasing physical accessibility, opening this channel also increases economic accessibility.
The article presents the analysis of the competition development on the Brazilian premium automotive market in 2007-2021. The SV matrix is used as an analytical tool that allows to track changes in different industries. Results of the study show that the premium segment of the automotive market responds to economic shocks better than the mass segment. In the second half of the 2010s the market was finally formed and achieved the high concentration, the dominant group of companies expanded. Competition in the Brazilian auto market today can be characterized as the "Big Five": five equally large companies control almost the entire market. However, considering the competition between automotive holdings, there is a clear dominance of Daimler company. In contrast to the situation in Russia, during crises, the premium segment of the Brazilian car market declines along with the mass segment, which can be explained by the population of the upper middle class being less resistant to external shocks and a smaller share of the wealthiest population.
The article provides an analysis of the development of the Brazilian automotive market in the competitive environment in 2011—2021. The SV matrix is used as an analytical tool that allows to track changes in different industries of the economy. The results of the study showed that the Brazilian car market, along with the country's economy, has gone through significant changes in 10 years. In the second half of the 2010s, the market was finally formed, the dominant group of companies expanded, and its high concentration was achieved. Competition in the Brazilian car market today can be characterized as the "Big Seven": 7 equally large companies control almost the entire market. The automotive market in Brazil is similar to the Russian car market: in both countries there is a high presence of multinational manufacturers, foreign cars are the most popular among the population. The dynamics of the economy in general and the automotive markets in particular are similar, both countries entered the stage of recession and high inflation in 2015. Therefore, the Brazilian experience in supporting the automotive market is valuable for Russia and makes it possible to formulate recommendations for the development of the automotive market in developing countries.
The theory of economic dominance in a multilevel economy, developed by Blokhin A.A. and Lomakin-Rumyantsev I.V., has been actively tested by researches on different markets since 2019 — the distribution of players in the markets allows to formulate different strategies for their development. This article is a development of studies devoted to the study of competition in the education market and presents the result of economic dominance of national higher education systems in the international market. This research aims to analyze the subject areas of social sciences and management, for further identifying dominance in the QS ranking. The sample consists of 58 QS subject rankings for 2018–2021. The main instrument is the SV-matrix (strength/variety). The analysis outlines areas of subject ratings where there is dominance of national educational systems and characterizes its level. In addition, an interpretation of the situation when constructing the SV matrix, where Lind index shows boundary values when determining dominant group size. The SV matrix gives valid results and allows both qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the positions of countries in educational rankings. Analysis using SV-matrix made it possible to identify 8 out of 15 subject areas, in which there is clear dominance and determined positions of Russian universities relative to the dominant group. The hypothesis of United States presence in the dominant group in most areas of social sciences and management was confirmed, however, several subjects were defined, where the higher education system of anther countries were in the lead. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the proposal and testing of a method for assessing the level of dominance of national educational systems in the international education market. The SV matrix allows to analyze the positions of different countries in the international educational space, both in dynamics and in statics (to assess the level of competitiveness of national educational systems); to understand theoretically the level of differentiation of national educational systems in certain subject ratings; to assess the concentration (barriers to enter the rating) and the strength of competition (how strongly the players differ) of subject areas.
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