Introduction. The city of Norilsk is included in the list of cities participating in the federal project “Clean Air.” The comprehensive action plan for protecting atmospheric air of substances provides a 75% reduction in emissions and a decrease in the level of pollution from “very high” to “high.” The aim of the study was to assess human health risk from chemicals that pollute the atmospheric air of the city of Norilsk before the implementation of a complex of air protection measures. Also, we planned to identify priority factors and sources of risk. Material and methods. The assessment of carcinogenic, acute, and chronic non-carcinogenic health risks was carried out at 1105 points of location of residential buildings in the city based on summary calculations of dispersion. The database of parameters of 2145 sources of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air of the city was used. Results. Unacceptable, including high levels of risk to the health of citizens, have been established to be registered throughout the city. More than 181.8 thousand people live in high-risk zones. Risks occur both during short-term and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution. The risk indicators for respiratory disorders diseases of the immune system and the blood system are ten or more times higher than the acceptable levels. There have been eleven priority pollutants contributing up to 90% to unacceptable risks (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, copper, nickel, lead oxides, the sum of various types of industrial dust, etc.). Conclusion. In general, aerogenic health risks require urgent measures to reduce them. The planned measures to suppress sulfur dioxide emissions, nitrogen oxides, and dust in Norilsk are generally large-scale and adequate to the priority risk factors. At the same time, it is necessary to develop and implement measures to reduce emissions of heavy metal compounds. Until the levels of acceptable health risk are reached, measures of a medical and prophylactic nature are relevant as compensation measures provided for by current legislation.

The article deals with hygienic problems related to effects of the results of the previous economic activities of the ore mining and processing enterprise located in Zakamensk (Republic of Buryatia) on the health of the population. The storage of the plant’s waste in close proximity to residential buildings was established to generate an abnormal quality of the habitat (up to 2 MPC for single dose (MPCsd) of the investigated metals in the atmospheric air, up to 4 MPC in drinking water, up to 85 MPCsd in the soil), and unacceptable levels of a carcinogenic risk to the health of the population (total individual carcinogenic risk is up to 2.11 ∙ 10-3). The main factors of carcinogenic risk are metals (cadmium, nickel, chromium, cobalt, beryllium, arsenic, lead, etc.) presenting the components of the waste of the ore mining and processing enterprise, among which the greatest contribution is made by chromium [contribution to total cancerogenic risk (TCR) up to 80.9%] and arsenic (contribution up to 53.2%). Priority objects of risk factors from the habitat are atmospheric air and food products (contribution to the TCR value up to 71.0 and 43.1%, respectively).

In the framework of the solution of tasks of spatial planning and the development of territories of regions of the Russian Federation as well as during the development of general layouts of urban settlements the potential human health risk assessment has been shown to be performed. The use of health risk criteria permits to avoid the underestimation of hazards, to provide safe and favorable living conditions by means of town-planning design; to restrict the harmful impact of anthropogenic and other activities on the environment to the acceptable levels according to the criteria of population health; to use rationally the urban resources to the benefit of living and future generations.

There are given results of generalization of designing materials for sanitary protective areas of objects of the oil production, preparation and primary oil refining. It is shown that as a result of manufacturing technology enhancement, renewal of the hardware park and implementation of air-security actions aiming at exhaust fumes reduction and the reasonable use of passing oil gas, considerable changes happened over the last decade as regarding the impact of objects on the atmospheric air and population health. The accumulated expertise of designing and concordance of the projects of sanitary protective areas for the oil production, preparation and primary oil refining objects confirms that for the majority of objects of approximate sizes of sanitary protective areas determined by the actual sanitary norms and regulations are excessive. Single and average daily maximum concentration limits as well as allowed levels of cancerogenic and non-cancerogenic risks for the health of the population are provided at the distances from the borders of construction sites which are considerably less than the ones determined by the sanitary classification. Calculation data is confirmed by results of the systematic instrumental research. There are given guidelines to introduce changes in the sanitary norms and regulations. For a number of objects it is suggested to keep the existing classification.

Introduction. Norilsk is annually both included into the Priority list of RF cities with the highest ambient air contamination and considered also among 12 large industrial centers where “Pure air” Federal project, an integral part of “Ecology” National project, is implemented. It is possible to assess whether targets fixed in a Federal project have been achieved only provided that there is a relevant system for assessing changes in ambient air quality parameters. To achieve that, experts created an information system for analyzing ambient air quality; among other data, the system used those obtained via social hygienic monitoring activities. Determining a list of chemicals that are priority factors causing inhalation risks is an integral part in finding solutions to this task.Material and methods. To solve tasks formulated in the research, we calculated comparative hazard indices for contaminants emitted by industrial enterprises in Norilsk; we also assessed sufficiency of programs for monitoring over ambient air quality taking into account results of dispersion calculations, results obtained via field observations performed by Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Rosgidromet) and Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), and health risk assessments.Results. The assessment comparative hazard indices allowed creating a preliminary list of priority contaminants that included 18 substances. The list was specified and there were supplemented results obtained by analyzing data on aggregated dispersion calculations. Hygienic analysis of results obtained by field observations revealed substances that were priority ones as per their concentrations exceeding MPC and acceptable health risk levels. The final list included 19 chemicals that were recommended for monitoring over ambient air quality in Norilsk, including particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5.Conclusion. Further development of programs for monitoring the ambient air quality is among the most significant activities aimed at solving project tasks within “Pure air” Federal project and assessing achievements of project targets. Application of the methodology of health risk assessment allowed spotting out priority chemicals that were the most hazardous for people living in Norilsk; those chemicals were subject to obligatory control. The list included nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, benzene, particulate matter, PM10, PM2.5, phenol, hydrogen sulfide, cobalt oxide, copper (II) oxide (recalculated as per copper), nickel oxide (recalculated as per nickel), sulfur dioxide, and formaldehyde.