In this paper the author makes an attempt to characterize the factors which are to be taken into consideration while designing the ground radar component of Air Defense systems, in order to enable them to operate on the modern battlefield. He presents the latest theoretical views on the relationship between the usage of anti-radar weapons and the organizational and technical protection which can be deployed against such weapons. In particular the author emphasizes the protection of radars against anti-radiation missiles (ARM) which present the biggest threat for effective Air Defense systems. He also stresses the need to combine radars into one system which enables the streamlining of their work parameters and thus ensuring their complex usage. The gaining of those capabilities will guarantee that the parameters of the air surveillance radar zone can be defined effectively.Keywords-radar; radiolocation; air defense system; survive to operate on the battlefield

Abstract-In this article the author makes an attempt to characterize the factors which are to be taken into consideration while designing the ground radar component of Air Defense systems, in order to enable them to operate on the modern battlefield. He presents the latest theoretical views on the relationship between the usage of anti-radar weapons and the organizational and technical defense mechanisms which can be deployed against such weapons. In particular the author emphasizes the protection of radars against anti-radiation missiles (ARMs) which present the biggest threat for effective Air Defense systems. He also stresses the need to combine radars into one system which enables the streamlining of their work parameters and thus ensuring their complex usage. The gaining of those capabilities will guarantee that the parameters of the air surveillance radar zone can be defined effectively.Keywords-anti-radiation missiles, radar, radiolocation, air defense system, survive to operate on the battlefield I. ANTI-RADIATION MISSILES SINCE the middle of the 20 th century radars have been destroyed by specialized weapons -anti-radiation missiles, homing in on the electromagnetic radiation of the radars. Over the decades the radars have been modified and modernized. New ones have been constructed and different exploitation techniques have been developed. The technical progress of these devices is a never-ending competition.The anti-radiation missiles destroy radars which are elements of the opponent's air defence system, this in turn allows for the free operating of friendly aircraft within the enemy's airspace and then also, during combat within the opponent's territory, their targets are also various objects located there. In the first case, aircrafts carrying these missiles attempt to fulfil the task without entering the striking distance of the ground elements of the enemy's air defence system (rockets and barrel artillery). Such operations demand proper evaluation of the space striking abilities of the system and to ensure the system is equipped with weapons of the proper strike range needed for destroying the defence system elements. In the second case, the air defence system elements are attacked while crossing the border of their strike range. Also, the weapons systems protecting important objects within the opponent's territory are eliminated.While estimating the influence of the anti-radiation missiles' strike range one cannot neglect the inseparable parameter of the missile flight speed. These two parameters determine the time in which the missile reaches the target after being launched from the plane. Table 1 presents the simplified data concerning the speed, range and flight time of the chosen antiradiation missiles, which shall be discussed in more detail further on. Anti-radiation missiles can be divided roughly S. Czeszejko is with the Air Force Command,Żwirki i Wigury Str. 103, 00-912 Warsaw, Poland (e-mail: staszejko@poczta.onet.pl).according to their range into short range missiles (maximum 100 km)...

In this article the author makes an attempt to characterize the main factormobilitywhich is to be taken into consideration while designing the ground radar component (passive and active radars) of the Air Defense systems in order to enable them to operate on the contemporary battlefield. He presents the latest theoretical views on the relationship between the usage of anti-radiation missiles and the mobility of the passive and active radars as the key ability to protect them against such weapons. In particular the author emphasizes that the antiradiation missiles present nowadays the biggest threat for the effective Air Defense systems, which are today characterized by a high complexity degree. He also stresses the need to combine the radars, both passive and active, into one system allowing for the streamlining of their work parameters and thus ensuring their complex usage. The gaining of those capabilities shall guarantee that the parameters of the air surveillance radar area can be defined effectively.