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A recently developed approach for the simulation and design of a fluid-loaded lightweight structure with surface-mounted piezoelectric actuators and sensors capable of actively reducing the sound radiation and the vibration is presented. The objective of this paper is to describe the theoretical background of the approach in which the FEM is applied to model the actively controlled shell structure. The FEM is also employed to model finite fluid domains around the shell structure as well as fluid domains that are partially or totally bounded by the structure. Boundary elements are used to characterize the unbounded acoustic pressure fields. The approach presented is based on the coupling of piezoelectric and acoustic finite elements with boundary elements. A coupled finite element-boundary element model is derived by introducing coupling conditions at the fluid-fluid and fluid-structure interfaces. Because of the possibility of using piezoelectric patches as actuators and sensors, feedback control algorithms can be implemented directly into the multi-coupled structural-acoustic approach to provide a closed-loop model for the design of active noise and vibration control. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the approach developed, a number of test simulations are carried out and the results are compared with experimental data. As a test case, a box-shaped shell structure with surface-mounted piezoelectric actuators and four sensors and an open rearward end is considered. A comparison between the measured values and those predicted by the coupled finite element-boundary element model shows a good agreement.

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The paper presents an overall analysis and design approach for smart lightweight structures to actively reduce vibration and noise. As smart materials, distributed piezoelectric patches are attached to the structure. The basis of the approach is an overall finite element model, which includes the structure itself, the acoustic fluid, the piezoelectric actuators and sensors as well as the controller. As a test example a smart acoustic box is simulated and the simulation results are compared with measured data. Finally, also industrial applications are briefly presented.

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