Deletions within HSA band 4p16.3 cause Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), which comprises mental retardation and developmental defects. A WHS critical region (WHSCR) of approximately 165 kb has been defined on the basis of 2 atypical interstitial deletions; however, genotype-phenotype correlation remains controversial, due to the large size of deletion usually involving several megabases. We report on the first known patient with a small de novo interstitial deletion restricted to the WHSCR who presented with a partial WHS phenotype consisting only of low body weight for height, speech delay, and minor facial anomalies; shortness of stature, microcephaly, seizures and mental retardation were absent. The deletion was initially demonstrated by FISH analysis, and breakpoints were narrowed with a "mini-FISH" technique using 3-5 kb amplicons. A breakpoint-spanning PCR assay defined the distal breakpoint as disrupting the WHSC1 gene within intron 5, exactly after an AluJb repeat. The proximal breakpoint was not found to be associated with a repeated sequence or a known gene. The deletion encompasses 191.5 kb and includes WHSC2, but not LETM1. Thus, manifestations attributable to this deletion are reduced weight for height, minor facial anomalies, ADHD and some learning and fine motor deficiencies, while seizures may be associated with deletions of LETM1.

Background: Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism which can cause severe damage to the patient or, in the case of maternal phenylketonuria, to the foetus. The maternal phenylketonuria syndrome is caused by high blood phenylalanine concentrations during pregnancy and presents with serious foetal anomalies, especially congenital heart disease, microcephaly and mental retardation.

ABSTRACT. Secondary hyperlipidemia is a common laboratory finding in children with nephrotic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism. However, clinical signs of hyperlipidemia are extremely rare in childhood.We report on an 11-year-old girl who presented with a disseminated yellow papulomatous rash on the lower limbs and yellow skin creases on the palms of her hands. Blood tests yielded an opaque serum with a triglyceride concentration of 820 mg/dL and cholesterol of 1050 mg/ dL. Skin biopsy of one of the papules confirmed the diagnosis of xanthomas.Additional examinations revealed clinical (weight gain, diminished growth rate) and biochemical primary hypothyroidism (free T4: 0.4 ng/L [normal 8 -22 ng/L]; thyroid-stimulating hormone: >200 mU/L) as a consequence of Hashimoto thyroiditis (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin: 4400 U/mL and >2000 U/mL, respectively; normal <60 U/mL). The patient was started on L-thyroxine, which led to a gradual decline of cholesterol and triglycerides to normal concentrations and a complete remission from the xanthomatous rash.For the first time, this case depicts disseminated xanthomas of the skin as the presenting complaint of severe hypothyroidism. Pediatrics 2001;108(5). URL: http:// www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/108/5/e96; hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, xanthoma.ABBREVIATIONS. fT4, free T4; SDS, standard deviation score; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.W ith an incidence of 1 in 500, hyperlipidemia is one of the commonest congenital disorders of metabolism. 1 Heterozygous type III hyperlipoproteinemia is clinically relevant, as it is frequently associated with the presence of xanthomas in adulthood. 2 However, although nonspecific skin lesions may occur in childhood type III hyperbetalipoproteinemia, xanthomas are extremely uncommon.Apart from inborn hyperlipidemia, secondary causes of elevated serum lipids have to be excluded. These diseases include the nephrotic syndrome, 3 diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism. 1 Particularly in childhood, however, secondary hyperlipidemia is rarely associated with clinical signs or symptoms. 4 We present a child with disseminated xanthomas and massively elevated serum lipid concentrations as a consequence of severe hypothyroidism. CASE REPORTAn 11-year-old girl presented to the pediatric endocrine outpatient department of the University of Erlangen with a disseminated yellow papulomatous rash on her lower limbs and yellow skin creases of the palms of her hands (Fig 1). The rash had been developing gradually over the past 2 years. On presentation, the patient was 137.5 cm tall (standard deviation score [SDS]: Ϫ2.4; Fig 2) and had a weight of 37 kg (50th percentile). Body mass index was 19.6 (SDS ϩ 1.8 according to 5). When the patient was 4 years old, her height had been at the 50th percentile (102 cm;

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