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Our findings suggest for the first time that in AKI patients, application of HTEMS is associated with a faster normalization of lowered NOx and elevated ADMA and ET-1 plasma levels. We hypothesize that the more rapid amelioration of these parameters in the HTEMS group contributed to the accelerated recovery of AKI. With regard to the small study groups with different causes of AKI, investigations in a greater number of AKI patients is required.

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Clinical pharmacology is an integral part of oncology, especially in the modern era of precision medicine.The innovations introduced in drug development (conditional accelerated tumor-agnostic approvals through adaptive trials) and clinical practice (liquid biopsy, tumor molecular board) underline the pressing need for clinical pharmacologists, who play a catalyst and translational role in a synchronized multidisciplinary team. This review describes the latest advancements and challenges in actually implementing the precision medicine approach in oncology: pharmacovigilance, drug interactions, pharmacogenetics and therapeutic drug monitoring are often overlooked valuable tools for the understanding, detection, assessment, and prevention of adverse drug reactions, thus supporting safe prescribing in oncology.