No abstract

Background In recent decades some studies described the frequent co-occurrence of celiac disease autoimmunity and overt celiac disease in patients with autism. Therefore, it was suggested that celiac disease could play a possible role in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. However, several other studies have not confirmed this association. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease. Methods We prospectively collected data from an Italian cohort of 223 children at the time of their clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the 2019–2020 period. A serological celiac disease screening was performed and data were available for 196 patients; male (M):female (F) ratio = 4.4:1; median age = 3.6 years; age range = 1.6–12.8 years. Full-blown celiac disease was established according to the diagnostic algorithm of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2012 or 2019 guidelines. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the celiac disease seroprevalence and prevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort and in the Italian healthy pediatric population studied by Gatti et al. to highlight the possible differences between the two groups. Results A not statistically significant difference between the celiac disease seroprevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort (4.08%) and Gatti’s Italian healthy group (2.22%) was found, p = 0.0810; OR = 1.871. A similar result emerged for overt celiac disease prevalences (2.24% versus 1.58%, respectively), p = 0.2862; OR = 1.431. Conclusions Our data validates a weakness of association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease. On the basis of our results, a regular screening for CD in patients with ASD is not recommended to a greater extent than in the general population.

Introducción: El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal es una patología asociada a neonatos de sexo masculino prematuros. Á nivel regional no se dispone de datos asociados al síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal (SDR) severo, por lo que se desarrolló in estudio observacional para medir los factores de riesgo. Metodología: El presente estudio transversal – retrospectivo, fue realizado en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, de Guayaquil, Ecuador, de enero 2017 a diciembre 2020. Ingresaron al estudio, neonatos, con SDR con una muestra probabilística. Las variables fueron maternas, neonatales, escala de Silverman, valoración de Downes. En base a la escala de Silverman se analizan 2 grupos: SDR leve y moderado, versus SDR Severo, se presenta Odds Ratio, e intervalo de confianza del 95% con valor P. Resultados: Se analizan 302 casos, con edad gestacional de 33 ± 4.2 semanas. Puntaje de Silverman 5.07 ±2.06. Los factores de riesgos identificados fueron la cesárea OR 3.92 (IC 95% 2.13-7.21) P<0.0001, pre-eclampsia OR 1.73 (1.05-2.87) P=0.033. Edad gestacional <28 Semanas 7.626 (2.657-21.89) P=0.0002. Edad Gestacional >36 semanas OR 0.4 (0.273-0.782) P=0.004.Sexo hombre OR 2.19 (1.32-3.63) P=0.002. Conclusión: Se constituyeron los factores de riesgo la cesárea, la pre-eclampsia, la edad gestacional menor a 28 semanas y el sexo hombre. Un factor de protección fue la edad gestacional mayor a 36 semanas.

Background: In recent decades some studies described the frequent co-occurrence of celiac disease autoimmunity and/or overt celiac disease in patients with autism. Therefore, it was suggested that celiac disease could play a possible role in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. However, several other studies have not confirmed this association. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease.Methods: We prospectively collected data from an Italian cohort of 223 children at the time of their clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the 2019-2020 period. A serological celiac disease screening was performed and data were available for 196 patients; male (M):female (F) ratio = 4.4:1; median age = 3.6 years; age range = 1.6–12.8 years. Full-blown celiac disease was established according to the diagnostic algorithm of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2012 or 2019 guidelines. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the celiac disease seroprevalence and prevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort and in the Italian healthy pediatric population studied by Gatti et al. to highlight the possible differences between the two groups.Results: A not statistically significant difference between the celiac disease seroprevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort (4.08%) and Gatti’s Italian healthy group (2.22%) was found, p = 0.0810; OR = 1.871. A similar result emerged for overt celiac disease prevalences (2.24% versus 1.58%, respectively), p = 0.2862; OR = 1.431.Conclusions: Our data validates a weakness of association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease. Regular screening for celiac disease in young patients with autism spectrum disorder is not strongly recommended to a greater extent than in the general population.