Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation [NAVM (NAV)] is included in infections associated with healthcare (IAAS) or also called "nosocomial or hospital" infections. It is common in critically ill patients and is responsible for about half of all antibiotics given to patients in ICUs. The average time taken to develop the VAP since the beginning of the MV is about 5 to 7 days, with a referred mortality rate between 24% and 76%. The objective of this research of bibliographic design and, framed in a review, is to develop the most outstanding aspects related to NAVM, these being understood as: definitions of basic terminology, pathophysiology, risk factors, treatment and prevention. The results obtained are enough to satisfy the aforementioned goal, since the available scientific and academic literature is sufficiently extensive and diverse, as well as in force. In the conclusions, among other aspects, it is highlighted that tracheostomy with inflated cuff (or endotracheal tube) is considered one of the most prominent risk factors in the evolution of this pathology; nevertheless, other studies allude to other important factors, such as: the duration of the MV, prolonged intubation or reintubation.Previous exposure to antibiotics, chronic lung disease, bronchoaspiration. On the other hand, the proportionally direct relationship between the extension of the time of MV and the risk of infection is also highlighted, which is generally derived based on the people who were intuited to be assisted with MV in a period greater than 48 hours. Finally, what sets the standard in the definitive control of this pathology would be the high clinical suspicion the early diagnosis and timely initiation of the antibiotic treatment appropriate to the results of the microbiological samples.

Dehydration in the pediatric patient is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, hence it is one of the main pathologies treated in pediatric emergency services. It is important to consider that the body of a child is mainly constituted by water, so that any pathology can compromise some of the main organs and even the circulatory, renal, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, and cause complications that could be prevented with the adequate and timely treatment.Parenteral treatment represents one of the most effective ways to treat dehydration due to the rapidity of the route of administration combined with the composition of the blisters. In this regard, the present study aims to discern about parenteral treatment and its use in pediatrics.

A inicios de esta tercera década del siglo XXI, la amenaza para la sobrevivencia de toda la especie humana, e incluso sobre el planeta tal como lo conocemos hoy, se ha hecho mucho más patente. El cambio climático se evidencia con enorme dureza en la cantidad de fenómenos atmosféricos que trascurren con inusual severidad, modificando los patrones de ocurrencia tanto geográficos como de periodicidad. Este año ocurrieron inundaciones en países de Europa por los elevados récords de pluviosidad, simultáneamente con las oleadas de calor, alcanzando temperaturas no registradas anteriormente, mientras en unas regiones los huracanes y en otras los tifones se presentaron con enorme poder destructivo. No es casualidad entonces que a finales de 2019 emergiera una inusual y extraordinaria amenaza que haría tambalear las capacidades de acción y reacción de muchos gobiernos y sociedades, que sin distingos de desarrollo industrial y riquezas, causara la mortalidad de millones de personas, obligando a dichos gobiernos a tomar decisiones que paralizarían las economías: la pandemia originada por la aparición de un nuevo Coronavirus en China, el SARS-CoV-2, causante de la enfermedad conocida como Covid-19. Este es el contexto en que se elabora el presente texto, destinado a refrescar la divulgación de conocimiento científico actualizado respecto a las infecciones respiratorias que atacan a los infantes a lo largo de los años, pero con mayor fuerza en determinadas temporadas y localidades.