Carabid beetles can greatly contribute to biocontrol in agroecosystems, reducing both insect pests and weed seeds. However, insect foraging and feeding behavior can be highly dependent on the interaction network and spatial structure of the environment, which can make their biocontrol contributions variable. In the present article, we explore how the interaction network of carabids can affect their behavior and how spatial vegetation structure and specific agronomy practices can, in turn, affect the strength of interactions in their network. We suggest that research on carabid biocontrol should move toward an approach in which the network of interactions among pests, carabids, and other organisms within its spatial structure is evaluated, with equal focus on direct and indirect interactions, and provide examples of tools to do so. Overall, we believe this approach will improve our knowledge of carabid networks, help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of biocontrol, and lay the foundation for future biocontrol strategies.

No abstract

http://www.eje.cz forage based on several factors such as body size (Preisser & Orrock, 2012), hunger level (Scharf, 2016, chemical defenses (Kaplan & Thaler, 2010), hunting or foraging mode (Preisser et al., 2017), and the quantity and quality of available hiding sites (Finke & Denno, 2002; Donelan et al., 2017). This allows the forager to reduce the probability of being eaten either by avoiding risky habitats altogether, or by increasing its vigilance (and thus compromising its foraging effi ciency) when foraging occurs in a risky habitat (Brown et al., 1999;Pitt, 1999).Changes in foraging behavior in response to predatorindicating cues are among the non-consumptive (i.e. indirect) effects of predator-prey interactions (Pessarrodona et al., 2019). The non-consumptive effects of predation are often strong and play essential roles in determining the strength and dynamics of feeding interactions in predatorprey food webs (Hermann & Landis, 2007; Pessarrodona et al., 2019). It is thus important to study how the nonconsumptive effects of predation may affect the foraging