Transparency is often discussed as a way to increase the public’s perception of journalism. While its adoption by newsrooms is relatively well studied, only a few studies have investigated its effects on news users’ credibility judgments. We build on research about transparency effects and report the results of two online experiments (total N = 2262), one with a local and one with a national newspaper frame. Our results suggest that transparency does not affect the perceived message and source credibility newspaper articles and that moderating factors such as cognitive involvement and media skepticism are more important predictors of credibility assessments.
In the context of misinformation and inaccuracies in reporting, the knowledge and understanding of news production processes and conditions are crucial for news users’ perceptions of news content. However, research on the users’ perception of errors in news and the influence of corrections and individual factors is scarce. In two online experiments, we investigated the influence of corrections, newspaper type, and news media literacy on users’ perceptions of error severity and frequency. Corrections decreased the perceived severity of errors in both studies. News media literacy increased the perceived severity of errors in political news (Study 1) but not in sports news (Study 2). Further, news-literate users perceived errors in political news as more frequent. Newspaper type did not influence user perceptions. These results support the need for transparency and the importance of user characteristics – especially news media literacy – when studying perceptions of journalistic products.
Zusammenfassung: Von Cyberbullying sind weltweit Jugendliche und Erwachsene betroffen. Eine der häufigsten Formen von Cyberbullying sind beleidigende Kommentare, die oft über Social Networking Sites verbreitet werden. Ein bisher vernachlässigtes Phänomen im Zusammenhang mit Cyberbullying auf Social Networking Sites ist Victim Blaming. Bei Victim Blaming wird die Verantwortung für ein Vergehen (teilweise) dem Opfer zugeschrieben. Die Studie untersucht den Einfluss der Privatsphäreeinstellung bei Facebook auf Victim Blaming bei Cyberbullying. Zudem werden neben Merkmalen des Opfers auch Merkmale der Bystander berücksichtigt. Hierzu wurde ein Online-Experiment mit 126 Personen durchgeführt, welche zufällig auf vier Experimentalbedingungen in einem 2 (Privatsphäreeinstellung: öffentliches vs. privates Profil) x 2 (Geschlecht des Opfers: weiblich vs. männlich) Design aufgeteilt wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Opfer von Cyberbullying eher für den Vorfall verantwortlich gemacht werden, wenn ihr Facebook-Profil öffentlich ist, als wenn es privat ist. Hingegen schreiben empathische Bystander dem Opfer weniger Schuld zu als Bystander, die wenig empathisch sind.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.