The subject of this paper permits the cooperation between many researchers which activate in different fields, which have the capacity to develop informational methods and technologies to solve difficult problems given by the complexity of the scientifically target. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and dynamic simulation programs was developed a virtual model of the cervical human spine that includes the main muscle groups simulated by springs with dynamic parameters, nonlinear and variable. Were studied the main types of movements (displacements) lateral bending (left-right) and flexion-extension movements.

The paper presents the studies made on a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and thorax bones. The main movements analyzed were: axial rotation (left-right), lateral bending (left-right) and flexion-extension movement. After simulation was obtained the entire mechanical behavior based on data tables or diagrams. The models were defined in a CAD environment which includes Adams algorithm for dynamic simulations. The virtual models were obtained starting with CT images made on a living human subject. That virtual model composed by neck and head can be included in complex system (as a car system) and supposed to impact simulations (virtual crash tests). Also was developed a mathematical model based on Lagrange equations for a frontal impact testing cervical system. Our research team built main components of a testing device for dummy car crash neck-head system using anatomical data.

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To understand the problems, which appear in every human joint, it is very important to know the anatomy and morphology of the human bones and the way in which the components are working together to realize a normal functionality.For this purpose was used a CAD parametric software which permits to define models with a high degree of difficulty. First, it was used a CT or MRI device to obtain the parallel sections in the studied component bone. A 3D scanner can be used only for the outer geometry. In the second step, the images were transferred to a 2D CAD software, as AutoCAD, where the outer and inner contours of the bone were approximate to polygonal lines composed by many segments. After this, the contours were transferred to a 3D CAD software, as SolidWorks, where, step by step, and section by section, was defined the virtual bone component. The primary sections can be directly unified in shapes, as Loft geometrical shape, to define the base of the bone. Additionally to this shape can be attached other Loft, Round or Dome shapes. For some components, as vertebrae, mandible or skull bones, it can be used a preliminary model obtained by parallel sections. Starting from this, the model can be defined using the main 3D curves for final virtual solid model.The virtual model of the bones can be used for different simulations for human movements as walking, flexion, extension, rotation, lateral bending. Also, parts of the entire human bone system were be used for implant, surgery and prosthesis simulation, virtual and rapid prototyping.

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