Tourism is one of the most significant sectors affected by the covid-19 pandemic. It has lost billions of dollars due to hotels, restaurants, and visit cancellation. The Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy uses social media to arouse people’s optimism to visit Indonesia in the post-pandemic era. One of the media used to promote tourism is through Instagram, which includes both visual and linguistic features in its uploads. By taking the data during October-November 2020 from Indonesia.travel Instagram account, this paper utilized Kress & Leeuwen’s multimodal discourse analysis model, particularly the interactive meanings of pictures through contact, distance, and point of view. This paper also analyzed the mood structures and transitivity patterns in the captions, including the phrase like “post-pandemic trip” to strengthen the analysis. It figured out that Instagram posts comprise Indonesian nature, cultural heritage, and traditional villages in declarative mood functioning as “offer”. This paper concluded that visual features are as pivotal as linguistic features to promote Indonesian tourism in the post-pandemic era.

Tourism is believed as the primary motivation to improve the economy of a country. In order to attract some tourists to visit tourism destinations in Indonesia, The Ministry of Tourism establishes an official website to share the information regarding the tourism destinations, activities, and attractions. This study is conducted to observe how the official website of Indonesian tourism utilizes modality to present Indonesian tourism discourse. This paper analysed ten destination highlights of the website covering the areas of Medan, Raja Ampat, Bali, Banyuwangi, Bintan Island, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bandung, Makassar, and Lombok through Discourse Analysis approach utilizing Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics. This paper found modality is used in the forms of probability, usuality, inclination, and obligation. Those different types of modality are employed to describe three domains of tourism discourse: itineraries and access, place to play, and authenticity. It is concluded that the government uses the website to ensure the readers’ being well informed of Indonesian tourism destinations and safety during their visit to Indonesia.

Climate change has been one of the most significant concerns for the United Nations. As a result, the United Nations held a summit in 2019, inviting several notable speakers in the field. One of them is a young teenager from Swedish, Greta Thunberg. Greta Thunberg is a prominent climate activist who delivered a speech at the United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019, which is about how people and the government need to limit global warming. Her address became viral and garnered attention from many media, and roused a massive youth-led climate rally. Thus, this study analyzed her speech as the object of the study and employed a descriptive qualitative method. The study scrutinized 54 clauses through transitivity analysis from Hallidayan Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) to understand the processes in the address and its function. This current study has revealed that the speaker’s dominantly used material process (37%) to describe the damage to the environment done by people. The use of relational process (31.5%) describes climate change's effects on the world and her life. The mental process used in 16.7% of the data provokes guilt and responsibility, as she pointed the audience as the actors that cause climate change. The behavioural process (7.4%) shows that Thunberg will not stay quiet on climate crisis when her generation is the one who will suffer from it. Existential process (3.7%) is used to describe the existing problems, while verbal process (3.7%) is used in quoting the high-profile politician to prove that none of their promises have been fulfilled.

Greta Thunberg delivered a speech entitled “You’re Acting Like Spoiled, Irresponsible Children” to influential figures in Europe through the “Civil Society for renaissance” event, in which she was personally invited by the president of the organizer, Luca Jahier. Through her speech, she managed to convince the European Union to pledge to spend billions of euros to combat the climate crisis. This study aims to discover how interpersonal metafunction is used in the speech and what functions are revealed through Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis and Hallidayan Systemic Functional Grammar. The data, consisting of seventy-one independent clauses, were taken from Thunberg’s book which consists of her speech transcription, titled “No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference”. The research discovers that through the use of mood, modality, and pronouns, Thunberg conveys her view on her relationship with the audience as victim and perpetrator, and the one who holds responsibility and takes the blame.