Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders which are caused by an accumulation of the abnormal, misfolded prion protein known as scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). These disorders are unique as they occur as sporadic, genetic and acquired forms. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is the most common human prion disease, accounting for approximately 85–90% of cases, whereas autosomal dominant genetic forms, due to mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), account for 10–15% of cases. Genetic forms show a striking variability in their clinical and neuropathological picture and can sometimes mimic other neurodegenerative diseases.We report a novel PRNP mutation (V189I) in four CJD patients from three unrelated pedigrees. In three patients, the clinical features were typical for CJD and the diagnosis was pathologically confirmed, while the fourth patient presented with a complex phenotype including rapidly progressive dementia, behavioral abnormalities, ataxia and extrapyramidal features, and the diagnosis was probable CJD by current criteria, on the basis of PrPSc detection in CSF by Real Time Quaking-Induced Conversion assay. In all the three patients with autopsy findings, the neuropathological analysis revealed diffuse synaptic type deposition of proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPres), and type 1 PrPres was identified in the brain by western blot analysis. So, the histopathological and biochemical profile associated with the V189I mutation was indistinguishable from the MM1/MV1 subtype of sporadic CJD.Our findings support a pathogenic role for the V189I PRNP variant, confirm the heterogeneity of the clinical phenotypes associated to PRNP mutations and highlight the importance of PrPSc detection assays as diagnostic tools to unveil prion diseases presenting with atypical phenotypes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40478-018-0656-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

SUMMARY BackgroundArgon plasma coagulation seems to be a promising technique for ablation of Barrett's oesophagus, yet few long-term efficacy data are available.

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A syndrome of uveitis, associated with depigmentation and erosion of areas of skin and mucous membrane on the head and, in one dog, on the scrotum, was observed by the authors in two male Siberian Huskies. These clinical signs are similar to the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in man. Histological examination of the affected skin revealed a lichenoid dermatitis of the upper dermis. Intensive topical therapy with mydriatic and cycloplegic drugs and corticosteroids coupled with systemic prednisolone and azathioprine were used to control the disease. Both subjects were monitored for 10 months and retained useful vision. The skin and oral lesions resolved.

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