The study aim was to investigate the age, gender and technical level on motor coordination abilities of Taekwondo children. One hundred and fifteen children (83 male, 32 female), aged 7.76 ± 1.71 years, divided in three different groups, under 8 (5–7 years), under 10 (8–9 years) and under 12 (10–11 years), underwent three coordination skills tests: the ruler drop test (RDT), assessing visual reaction time, the hexagonal test (HT), assessing agility, and the target kick test (TKT), assessing kicking ability. MANOVA showed significant gender differences for TKT, in which females showed higher scores than males (p = 0.033). Significant differences were found in HT and TKT, where the under 12 group showed higher scores than younger athletes (p < 0.001). No differences amongst different age groups were found in RDT, showing that this could be a good predictor of Taekwondo performance, assessed at an early stage. High-level athletes showed better scores in all the tests than the low levels, as it was expected. Coordinative performance improves with age and is positively influenced by practicing a sports activity. The predisposition to a particular sport with a well-planned training may lead to a motor proficiency comparable to that reached by older athletes and better than same-age athletes.

The specificity of training as well as the specificity of monitoring the training process are believed to be fundamental principles to efficiently plan and carry out the preparation and performance development of athletes. The Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test (TAIKT) is a sport-specific field test used to specifically evaluate the anaerobic profile of Taekwondo athletes. The aim of this study was to verify whether TAIKT and the ‘gold standard’ Wingate Anaerobic test (WAnT) were both efficient means to optimally determine the anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity of Greek Taekwondo athletes at a middle-high technical level. Fifteen athletes, 10 females and 5 males (mean age 23.4 ± 4.14 years), underwent the two anaerobic tests (TAIKT and WAnT). The peak of power, the anaerobic capacity, and the peak of blood lactate (BL) were recorded. The two tests showed a moderate correlation with the r value ranging between 0.353 and 0.428, if applied to a sample of middle-high technical level athletes. Regarding the peak of BL, data indicated 40% concordance between the two tests with a coefficient of variation of 12%. Consequently, the two tests were correlated even if not interchangeable due to the different type of exercise required in these assessments. In conclusion, to assess the anaerobic performances and physiological characteristics of Taekwondo athletes, independently of their technical level, the WAnT resulted suitable, while to better assess the functional performance and specific demands of Taekwondo, the TAIKT is more indicated.

Taekwondo is one of the most difcult and complex but one of the most complete and exciting Olympic sport. Fitness and conditioning are what you need to gain points with kicks that determine the level of competitive ability. The purpose of this study is to examine the results of an annual training program, in selected electromyographic variables of Yop chagi to maximize the performance of Taekwondo athletes. The sample consisted of 20 Taekwondo athletes, advanced holders of Black Belt, aged M = 19.11 years, sd = 3.45, height M = 1.73 cm, sd = 6.80 and weight M = 67.23 Kg, sd = 12.73 which were divided into 2 equal groups. The rst team (TT), Training Team followed a specic tness program, technique. The second group followed its own program, Control Group (CG). Surface electrodes (motion control co.) with preamplier, an electronic shield (approved by the WTF) were used for the measurements. Electromyographic characteristics of the test were measured with the APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System), dynamic and evaluated with Bioanalysis program. Three measurements were performed in this study, an initial, an intermediate a nal measurement at the end of the program. The subject executes the technique of Yop Chagi kick, on the opponent's electronic chest, with simultaneously electromyographic activity of the Rectus Femoris (RF), the long head of Biceps Femoris (BF) and the lateral head of Gastrocnemius (GAS). The neuromuscular activity recorded during the execution of the technique in the experimental group for each muscle group is different from that of the control group. Athletes who followed the annual program improved their muscular pre-activation and activation, responded successfully enough to the execution of the kick, since a successful kick depends on both technical and physical condition