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A new model approach for an analytical calculation of a mass exchanger is presented in this work. By using three dimensionless numbers the mass transfer between two fluid flows can be calculated dependent on the flow geometry. A gas humidifier used for fuel cell application, which transfers water between two gas flows, is used as an example to illustrate the development of the operation characteristics for coflow, counterflow and crossflow. In this model approach the whole mass transfer process, governed by humidifier design and separator material properties, is described based on a single characteristic value, the effective mass transfer coefficient. The model provides a deeper understanding and prediction capability of the transfer processes which is helpful for mass exchanger designing and controlling. The coflow and counterflow case is validated by using a water permeable membrane as separator of wet air and dry air. Measurement data of a hollow fibre separator is used to validate the cross flow operated humidifier.

Low-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell systems (FCSs) need to reject large amounts of low temperature heat. Often a mobile FCS’s cooling capacity limits the FCS power output. Cryogenic hydrogen is typically utilized as a direct heat sink using heat exchangers (HXs), even though HXs destroy most hydrogen exergy. This paper investigates synergies between FCS thermal management and cryogenic hydrogen exergy utilization in terms of their benchmark performance: the FCS coolant circuit supplies heat at coolant temperature level to a so named reversible cryogenic exergy utilization system (rCEUS) comprised of thermodynamically ideal heat engine processes. The rCEUS converts this heat partly to electrical energy (the value of which equals the hydrogen exergy) and rejects remaining heat to hydrogen to heat it to coolant temperature. The rCEUS output power is used to support the FCS, so the FCS rejects less heat and a significant fraction of this heat is utilized by the rCEUS. As a result, significantly less heat has to be transferred to ambient and the fuel demand decreases. In this paper, three hydrogen storage options are compared: liquid hydrogen, subcooled liquid hydrogen and cryo-compressed hydrogen. Different para- and orthohydrogen compositions are evaluated. For typical FCS operating points, rejected FCS heat to ambient is reducible by 40–67%. FCS power demand is reducible by 14–31%. FCS rejected heat to ambient reduction is 4.5–8 times larger than that of conventional HXs. Calculations are based on hydrogen’s lower heating value.

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