Purpose The development and testing of the hedonic methods for property valuation require statistical analysis and professional preparation of relevant databases. As a first step, the presumable relevant influencing variables (parameters) have to be determined. Previous studies have shown a large variety of parameters which overlap or deviate from each other. This study aims to collect, systematise and structure different parameters for the further development and testing of hedonic models. Design/methodology/approach The study comprises a detailed research and deeper analysis of previous studies regarding the hedonic valuation (mainly for residential properties). Flanking areas of examination serve, if they are appropriately suitable, as supplements (e.g. performance analysis and regression). Parameters are extracted from a wide range of literature, compared and integrated into an overall presentation of the results. Findings In total, 407 parameters were extracted from previous studies on hedonic valuation and performance analysis. Because of various definitions of some parameters in the literature, the current paper combined them in one meaning to avoid misunderstandings in further analysis. Higher-level (global) and lower-level (specific) parameters are contained/described in the final list. The result of this study identifies up to five levels of parameters (within the relevant hierarchy). Research limitations/implications The parameters have not yet been statistically tested. The relevance of individual parameters has to be tested with relevant corresponding databases and statistical methods (e.g. correlation and regression). Practical implications To manage larger real estate portfolios, there is a need for regular property valuations. From this perspective, there is a great interest related to the optimisation of the valuation costs, valuation quality and valuation duration. Hedonic methods are considered as an efficient way of performing these valuation tasks. However, further suitable models and parameters are needed. The study describes parameters that can be appropriate for the development of relevant models and creates a structured parameters list, providing the technical basis for the latter. This structured parameter list is substantiated by the evaluation of the existing research. Social implications Property values represent a significant asset for the national economy and for the individual wealth/welfare. The development of property value in a national economy is also relevant for politics, economy and society. The use of hedonic methods and the knowledge of important individual parameters can contribute towards assessing and substantiating the effect of political decisions on the value of real estate. Originality/value For the first time, a comprehensive and structured analysis on the value of the relevant parameters used in hedonic methods is performed. Thereby a large number of parameters were identified which question the stability of the results in respective individual studies. In addition, the newly developed hierarchy of parameters can serve as the basis for further research.

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Automated driving is seen as one of the key technologies that influences and shapes our future mobility. Modern advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) play a vital role towards achieving this goal of automated driving. Depending on the level of automation, the ADAS takes over the complete or partial control of the movement of the car. Hence, it is mandatory that the system reacts reproducibly and safely in a wide range of possible situations. Especially in complex and potentially dangerous traffic scenarios a test system with the ability to simulate realistic scenarios is required. The authors present an implementation of a vehicle-in-the-loop (ViL) test system which accomplishes these goals in a defined environment. Of the great plenty of sensors stimulated in this context, the radar sensor takes a special position due to its robust and comprehensive information perceiving capability. Stimulating the automotive radar sensor in a ViL environment requires supporting the complex movements of the considered traffic scenarios. For this task, a modular and highly scalable radar target stimulator is necessary, which is capable of stimulating multiple independent moving targets with realistic parameters. The authors are discussing the underlying concepts of the suggested solution and are presenting its performance.

Car manufacturers spend quite a lot on the development of driver assistance systems and subsequently on autonomous driving functionality. To ensure the safety and reliability of these functions meet industrial standards it is necessary to verify and validate their functionality. While tests on the road are still the ultimate evidence of correct operation they are associated with huge efforts and risks. Therefore, they have to be complemented by other means like simulations and tests on specialised testbeds. For the latter the car's sensors have to be stimulated in a way that they perceive a desired -but only virtual -environment. An important type of sensor in cars is the radar due to its various advantages. This article describes the development of a stimulator generating virtual radar targets in order to enable the testing of autonomous driving functions.Keywords: radar systems; test equipment; radar applications; radar equipment; radar signal processing; radio frequency circuit design Virtuelle Realität für Radargeräte in Autos. Autohersteller investieren eine hohe Summe in die Entwicklung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen und in autonomes