The medial knee ligament structures have a consistent attachment pattern.

*The superficial medial collateral ligament and other medial knee stabilizers-i.e., the deep medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament-are the most commonly injured ligamentous structures of the knee. *The main structures of the medial aspect of the knee are the proximal and distal divisions of the superficial medial collateral ligament, the meniscofemoral and meniscotibial divisions of the deep medial collateral ligament, and the posterior oblique ligament. *Physical examination is the initial method of choice for the diagnosis of medial knee injuries through the application of a valgus load both at full knee extension and between 20 degrees and 30 degrees of knee flexion. *Because nonoperative treatment has a favorable outcome, there is a consensus that it should be the first step in the management of acute isolated grade-III injuries of the medial collateral ligament or such injuries combined with an anterior cruciate ligament tear. *If operative treatment is required, an anatomic repair or reconstruction is recommended.

Interpretation of clinical knee motion testing following medial knee injuries will improve with the information in this study. Significant increases in external rotation at 30 degrees of knee flexion were found with all medial knee structures sectioned, which indicates that a positive dial test may be found not only for posterolateral knee injuries but also for medial knee injuries.

This anatomical medial knee reconstruction technique provides native stability and ligament load distribution in patients with chronic or severe acute medial knee injuries.