Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and individuals for Centuries. Green management initiatives become an important factor in forward-thinking business around the world as a means of combating environmental degradation caused by organizations. Industrialization has contributed to the global environmental problems we are witnessing today and Tanzania industrialization drive cannot ignore this fact. Research is one of best ways for investigating, understanding and solving problems.  Although number of researches has been done on Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM), still there is no sufficient literature on the subject. To bridge this gap this study investigated the role of green recruitment and selection on performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania by using Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL) as a case study. The study sough to specifically assess the application of green recruitment and selection at TTPL, determining whether green recruitment and selection attract more and better job candidates, and establishing the relationship between green recruitment and selection and organizational performance. It was found that green recruitment and selection practices are in place and they contribute in attracting more qualified job candidates. The study also found a linear relationship between green recruitment and selection and performance. Further, the study recommends institutionalization of green recruitment and selection and other green HRM practices in order improve organizational performance. Regulatory and statutory bodies are recommended to ensure that green practices are put in place by organizations for organizational and environmental sustainability.

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Rapid development of information has made governments to employ e-participation by using ICT tools for the purpose of involving citizens in government policy issues. The purpose of this study was to examine e-participation tools and local government capacity on e-participation with reference to technical, financial and human resource in Tanzania. The study employed descriptive statistics whereby qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied. The data collection methods used were questionnaire and in depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study findings revealed that the municipality does not have adequate technical and financial capacity for e-participation. The findings also revealed that websites and emails were the only e-participation tools used by the municipality. To improve capacity of Kinondoni Municipality in e-participation it is recommended that more funds should be injected to ICT infrastructures and that staff should be recruited and trained for ICT use.

The aim of this study was to examine types of conflicts and factors contributing to their occurrence in water allocation processes. The study was conducted in Mkindo Irrigation Scheme and employed the Exploratory Sequential Mixed Approach, whereby the dominant approach was qualitative approach, complemented by quantitative techniques. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews, documentary reviews and focus group discussions for the qualitative data and questionnaire for quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and explanation building techniques. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics.   Findings reveal existence of inter-micro micro and intra micro-micro water users’ conflicts in the selected irrigation scheme.  The study also identified the factors determining the water user’s conflicts in the selected scheme. To enhance water allocation processes in the selected irrigation schemes, the study recommends strengthening of coordination units and multi-stakeholders platforms.

This article investigates the link between fiscal decentralization and fiscal autonomy in service delivery particularly in urban LocalGovernment Authorities in Tanzania. In the past two decades, Tanzania government adopted fiscal decentralization reforms as partof broad local government reform program. The reforms include the transfer of fiscal power to local governments to collect and spendtheir own revenues but also to enjoy discretionary intergovernmental transfers from central government. On the contrary, local government authorities particularly in urban areas have not achieved the intended goal of the reforms. Most of the LGAs lack adequate fiscal autonomy to address the growing demand of urban services and infrastructure. Although there is already substantial amount of research explaining fiscal decentralization in Tanzania, most of this literature focuses on the limited revenue base of local government and lack of effective intergovernmental transfers. Overall, there is very little which is known concerning institutional factors which play a role when it comes to decision making on the allocation of fiscal resources to local government. The objective of this paper was therefore two folds: first to identify the current state of fiscal decentralization in two LGAs selected for this research and second was to explore the institutional factors which determine the allocation of fiscal resources in the selected urban LGAs in Tanzania. In addressing this objective, the comparative case study design was adopted namely: Kinondoni Municipal Council in Dar es Salaam region and Tunduma Town Council in Songwe region in Tanzania. The sample of 60 respondents was drawn purposely from the two cases and the data from the sampled respondents were collected through the review of documents, in-depth interviews andfocus group discussion with officials in the selected urban LGAs. The collected data were finally analyzed through contents analysis for documentary review and thematic analysis for the interviews and focus group discussion. The research findings show that the degree of fiscal autonomy has substantially deteriorated in the past six years due to excessive central government guidelines and directives which regulate expenditure and revenue generation by local government. This includes the conditions on the allocation of fiscal resources such as budget or the use of intergovernmental transfers from central government.