Tuberculosis-Fox MBRALJTOURNAL is no residual cavitation at one year and combined chemotherapy if there is ; and (c) chemoprophylaxis of high-risk groups.During treatment bacteriological examinations are more informative than radiography, and progress can adequately be assessed by smear examinations, which are very cheap. Initially, cultures should be reserved for diagnostic purposes and sensitivity tests for the measurement of the prevalence of drug resistance in the community.A consideration of the results of controlled comparisons of sanatorium and clinic treatment, of rest in bed and ambulation in sanatorium, of the relapse rates in patients, and of the risk to contacts, as well as the economics of sanatorium and clinic construction and treatment, leads to the conclusion that developing countries should concentrate on ambulatory domiciliary chemotherapy.Expenditure on tuberculosis must be related to the overall health priorities of the community.

No abstract

Traumatic bowing of the forearm or lower leg is reported in 31 children. It is a relatively rare condition. Bowing occurs most frequently in combination with fracture of the other bone in the same extremity. In a minority of cases a bowing deformity is a single lesion. Age distribution, degree of deformity, mechanism of origin and therapy are presented and discussed.

Observations are reported from a series of 284 children, 68 boys and 216 girls, who had had one or more episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) and had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of grade II, III or VI. In 6 of the boys and 43 of the girls the Politano-Leadbetter operation for correction of VUR was performed. Only in grade III or IV VUR was the cure rate--considered solely as cessation of reflux--significantly higher in surgically than in non-surgically treated children. Irrespective of sex or mode of treatment, the number of episodes of UTI tended to diminish as the children grew older. For more precise comparisons, two individually matched groups of 40 girls were studied. One girl in each pair was operated on. Within these matched pairs, the frequency of UTI episodes according to age did not differ appreciably. Nor did the number of UTI episodes before and after the time of operation differ significantly when analysis was made according to grade of reflux. Thus, although disappearance of surgically treated grades III and IV VUR was more rapid and more frequent than spontaneous cessation of reflux, the observations in the matched pair series indicated that antireflux surgery does not affect the incidence of UTI.