These results support the thickening of the soft palate as a component of severe brachycephalic airway syndrome. Further studies are required to confirm the association between this anatomical characteristic and functional impairment.

Use of a low-suture tension should be considered during arytenoid lateralization because it has the potential to reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

UBR was not associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications relative to no UBR and had no effect on the long-term outcome in dogs with perineal hernia. The use of IOMT alone may be recommended for clinical use because LapIOMT offered no clear advantage.

Surgical treatment of PDA was curative in young dogs without clinical signs of heart failure. Surgical correction of PDA should be recommended as early as possible after diagnosis, and mitral valve regurgitation is not a contraindication for surgery.

Clinically, use of a low-tension suture for cricoarytenoid lateralization may provide an adequate decrease in open-epiglottis laryngeal resistance to alleviate clinical signs, while maintaining enough closed-epiglottis laryngeal resistance to reduce the risk of postoperative aspiration pneumonia.