Abstract:In plants with limited pollen and seed dispersal, populations are often spatially structured such that neighboring individuals are more closely related to one another than to distant individuals. Mating among close relatives, including selfing, may lead to a reduction in reproductive performance through the effects of prezygotic mating barriers and inbreeding depression. Studying 11 populations of slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum (L.F. Hend.) A. Nels. and J.F. Macbr (Brassicaceae), a rare mustard endemic to southwestern Idaho, we investigated whether small populations (16-746 flowering individuals) exhibit spatial structure as previously reported for large populations (>3000 flowering individuals). Through hand-pollination experiments we found that percent fruit set increased with increasing distance between parents up to a distance of 3 m, and declined slightly but nonsignificantly at greater outcrossing distances. Self-pollinated plants produced little or no fruit. Germination of seeds from the hand-pollination experiment revealed signs of inbreeding depression in the offspring. Specifically, leaf length of developing seedlings increased significantly as a function of outcrossing distance. Total leaf number showed a similar, yet statistically nonsignificant, response to outcrossing distance. Overall, our experiments reveal spatial structuring and suggest the occurrence of inbreeding depression in small populations of L. papilliferum.Key words: inbreeding depression, outcrossing, pollination, spatial structure. Résumé :Chez les plantes ayant des dispersions de pollens et de graines limitées, on retrouve souvent des populations structurées de telle façon que les individus voisins se côtoient plus étroitement que les individus distants. Les croisements entre individus étroitement apparentés, incluant l'autofécondation, peuvent conduire à une réduction des performances de reproduction par les effets de barrières de croisement pré-zygotiques et la dépression d'autofécondation. En étudiant 11 populations de la lépidie papillée, Lepidium papilliferum (L.F. Hend.) A. Nels et J.F. Macbr (Brassicaceae), une moutarde endémique rare du sud-ouest de l'Idaho, les auteurs ont cherché à savoir si les petites populations (16 à 746 individus fleurissants) montrent une structure de population comme précédemment rapportée pour de grandes populations (>3000 individus florissants). À l'aide d'expériences de pollinisation, ils ont constaté que le pourcentage de mise à fruit augmente avec une augmentation de la distance entre les parents jusqu'à 3 m, et diminue légèrement, mais de façon non significative pour des distances de croisements externes plus grandes. Les plantes autofécondées produisent peu ou pas de fruits. La germination des graines provenant de pollinisations manuelles montre des signes de dépression d'autofécondation chez les descendants. Spécifiquement, la longueur des feuilles des plantules en développement augmente significativement en fonction de l'augmentation de la distance des autofécondation...
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