Nanoscale coordination polymers containing exceptionally high loadings of bisphosphonates were coated with single lipid bilayers to control the drug release kinetics and functionalized with a targeting ligand to endow cell-targeting capability, leading to much enhanced cytotoxicity against human lung and pancreatic cancer cells.
Chemoradiotherapy is a well-established treatment paradigm in oncology. There has been strong interest in identifying strategies to further improve its therapeutic index. An innovative strategy is to utilize nanoparticle (NP)chemotherapeutics in chemoradiation. Since the most commonly utilized chemotherapeutic with radiotherapy is cisplatin, the development of a NP cisplatin for chemoradiotherapy has the highest potential impact on this treatment. Here, we report the development of a NP comprised of polysilsesquioxane (PSQ) polymer crosslinked by a cisplatin prodrug (Cisplatin-PSQ) and its utilization in chemoradiotherapy using non-small cell lung cancer as a disease model. Cisplatin-PSQ NP has an exceptionally high loading of cisplatin. Cisplatin-PSQ NPs were evaluated in chemoradiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. They demonstrated significantly higher therapeutic efficacy when compared to cisplatin. These results suggest that the Cisplatin-PSQ NP holds potential for clinical translation in chemoradiotherapy.
Silica-based nanoparticles have well-defi ned and tunable structures and surface chemistry, making them suitable for nanomedicine applications. They can be designed to achieve long blood circulation times and functionalized to target specifi c sites in the body. In this chapter, the latest progress in designing silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical imaging and drug delivery is summarized. The synthesis of both solid silica and mesoporous silica nanoparticles is described, along with different approaches for functionalization. The use of silica-based nanoparticles in optical, magnetic resonance and multimodal imaging and as drug delivery agents is discussed. Additionally, this chapter highlights recent advances in the use of silica-based nanoparticles as theranostic agents.
Concerning standardization of laboratory animal husbandry, only exiguous changes of habitat can potentially influence animal physiology or results of behavioral tests. Routinely, mice chow is dyed when different types of diets are dispensed. Given the fact that the dye itself has no effects on food odor or flavor, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the color of chow has an impact on food uptake in mice. Twelve-week-old male mice of different strains (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, C3H/HeJ, BALB/cJ; n = 12/strain) were single-housed in PhenoMaster® cages. After acclimatization standard mice chow in different colors was administered. Food intake was monitored as a two-alternative choice test of different color combinations. All animals had an average food intake of 3 g/d and no preferences were observed when a combination of identically colored food was offered. Preference tests yielded significant aversion to blue food and significant attraction to yellow and green food in C57BL/6 and DBA/2J mice. In C3H/HeJ and BALB/cJ mice no color-related pattern occurred. Selected mice strains have known differences concerning functionality of their visual sense. C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice are considered to be normal sighted at testing age, BALB/c is representative for albino strains and C3H mice carry mutations resulting in retinal alterations. Results suggesting that normal-sighted mice would be selective concerning food color when given the choice. Nevertheless, this does not influence overall quantity of food intake when animals were provided solely with food colored with a single dye. Moreover, visually impaired mice showed no color-related food preferences.
Zusammenfassung Seit der Neufassung des Tierschutzgesetzes (TierSchG) im Jahr 1972 steht der ethische Tierschutz im Mittelpunkt und Tiere sind um ihrer selbst willen geschützt (Deutscher Bundestag 6. Wahlperiode 1971). Die strafrechtliche Anerkennung der geschützten Interessen stellt § 17 TierSchG dar, welcher das Töten eines Wirbeltieres ohne vernünftigen Grund (§ 17 Nr. 1 TierSchG), das Zufügen aus Rohheit (§ 17 Nr. 2 a TierSchG) und von länger anhaltenden oder sich wiederholenden (§ 17Nr. 2 b TierSchG) erheblichen Schmerzen oder Leiden pönalisiert.Die Sanktionspraxis gem. § 17 TierSchG wurde anhand der Strafverfolgungsstatistik von 2002 bis 2018 sowie Akten bei der Staatsanwaltschaft Gießen aus 2016 und 2018 untersucht. Dabei wurde ein Augenmerk auf tatbegehende bzw. verdächtige Personen, die Art der tierschutzrelevanten Handlung und betroffene Tierarten, anzeigende Instanzen, Verurteilungen nach allgemeinem Strafrecht und TierSchG nach Höhe der Geldstrafen und Verwarnungen mit Strafvorbehalt gem. § 59 StGB gelegt.Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass Personen, die tierschutzrelevante Handlungen begehen, einen niedrigen ökonomischen Status haben, im Schnitt älter sind als tatbegehende Personen insgesamt und häufiger Frauen als insgesamt an diesen Straftaten beteiligt sind. Des Weiteren sind Hunde am häufigsten von tierschutzrelevanten Ermittlungsverfahren betroffen und es besteht ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen dieser Tierart und Misshandlungstaten. Am häufigsten werden Anzeigen von Privatpersonen gestellt, resultierende Verfahren werden jedoch nicht signifikant häufiger eingestellt.Diese Erkenntnisse sind nicht nur bedeutend für den tierschutzrechtlichen Vollzug, sondern auch die Mensch-Tier-Beziehung, die eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Betrachtung der Sanktionspraxis vor dem Hintergrund des Art. 20 a GG begründet. Es bleibt zu hoffen, dass das Staatsziel Tierschutz zukünftig umfassende Umsetzung erfährt und Entscheidungen und Abwägungsprozesse in dubio pro animale (Tierärztliche Vereinigung für Tierschutz e. V. 2009) ausfallen.
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