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26-year-old patient presents to the dermatology clinic with severe nodulocystic scarring acne. The patient identifies as a transgender male and notes that he has been receiving hormone replacement therapy for the past 4 years with weekly intramuscular testosterone injections. He has not had any gender-affirming surgeries and reports being currently amenorrhoeic. He is currently practicing abstinence. The patient has had his gender category legally changed to male on his driver's license. He reports a long history of moderate acne, which significantly worsened after beginning masculinizing hormonal therapy with testosterone. The patient has tried doxycycline in the past as well as topical therapies including benzoyl peroxide with limited success and is now interested in isotretinoin therapy. The dermatologist notes that iPLEDGE requires physicians to register patients in one of three categories: male, female of non-childbearing potential, or female of child-bearing potential. The dermatologist should:

This chapter reviews the current literature’s findings on how political and social interactions shape voter turnout and other forms of political participation. Current studies, which use a wide range of methodological approaches, from natural experiments and surveys to mathematical modeling, have demonstrated that political networks are a crucial component of any analysis of political behavior. Debates over the potentially negative impact of political disagreement on participation have differentiated the negative impact of political isolation from the neutral impact of heterogenous political discussion environments, while also exploring factors that might moderate an individual’s response to disagreement. Many of the studies reviewed in this chapter reflect an increasing interest in how research design and analysis may be used to disentangle the various mechanisms through which networks might shape political behavior, as well as to distinguish between the relative impact of selection and influence.

Augmentals, as a type of verbal rule, have been used in political speeches either for establishing beneficial cultural values for the populace (Leigland, 2005) or for publicizing political points of view to exert control on public opinion through propaganda (Rakos, 1993). The current study conducted a functional content analysis on two presidential speeches about climate change and global warming regarding whether the United States should enter or exit the Paris Climate Agreement. The purposes of the study were to (a) examine the effects of two types of augmentals (reinforcer-establishing augmentals and punisher-establishing augmentals) on behavior change in the populace, (b) explore the effects of the types of relational frames that formed augmentals, and (c) provide guidance to the public on discriminating propaganda in media sources. The results showed different patterns in the use of augmentals in Donald Trump's speech, which attempted to persuade the populace to support exiting the agreement, compared to Barack Obama's speech, which attempted to persuade the populace to support entering the agreement. Several implications of the study are discussed.Keywords augmental . propaganda . relational frame . climate change . political speech . Paris Climate AgreementPolitical speech, as a persuasive and longstanding political genre, has received profound academic attention that has resulted in the development of various analytic methodologies in linguistic, rhetorical, semiotic, and psychological areas (Charteris-Black, 2014). However, these methodologies have primarily focused on the mechanical structure of each statement, rather than the function that the statement may have on listeners' behavior. In accordance with political science literature and from the point of view of functional contextualism, political speeches function to influence the behavior Behavior and Social Issues