Among the neural systems responsible for food ingestion, the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway stands out by eliciting pleasure and motivation for chemical and natural rewards through the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. This reward pathway is regulated by transmembrane dopaminergic receptors, which range from DRD1 to DRD5. Thus, considering the pleasurable effects aroused by food intake, it is plausible that genetic variations in genes of the dopaminergic system may have a role in the genetic architecture of obesity. This study aims to conduct a narrative review of the literature on the influence of genetic variants of dopaminergic receptors on obesity-related phenotypes. Taken together, the main findings of this review indicated that the genes encoding the DRD2 and DRD4 receptors may be the most relevant in the context of obesity and related phenotypes. However, obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease and new studies are still being conducted to better understand the impact of dopamine on obesity-related outcomes. It is also important to note that these effects can be specific to subgroups of patients and that other factors, in addition to genetic variants, must be considered.