Mr. D. W. Fry spoke on the linear accelerator and synchrotron work being done by the Atomic Energy Research Establishment group at the Telecommunications Research Establishment, Malvern. He described the design, method of construction, and results obtained on a 40 em. long section of a travelling wave type linear electron accelerator, which is operating at 10 em. wavelength and gives a peak energy of 0•54 MeV. The effect on the energy spectrum of variations

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BackgroundMore than fifty percent of people with limb amputations participate in sports or physical activity following amputation. Athletes with limb amputations may face additional challenges including phantom limb pain (PLP), psychological barriers, prosthetic complications, and gait abnormalities. Prevalence of PLP in the general amputee population is estimated to be as high as 85%. Despite the high prevalence of PLP, there is little research regarding the use of gait training as a treatment for PLP among both the general amputee population and athletes. Case DescriptionA 20-year old female collegiate track and field athlete presented with phantom knee pain brought on with running. The athlete demonstrated deficits in core and hip strength as well as decreased single leg stability bilaterally. Running gait analysis revealed circumduction with the prosthesis for limb advancement and increased vaulting with push off on the sound (uninvolved) limb. Gait retraining strategies were implemented to address video analysis findings and create a more efficient running gait and address phantom limb pain symptoms. OutcomesRehabilitation and gait retraining strategies were effective in improving several clinical and functional outcomes in this case. Significant improvements were noted in PLP, running gait mechanics, and the patient's psychological and functional status as measured with a standardized outcome tool, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System ® (PROMIS ® ). DiscussionRunning gait training following amputation could be a crucial component of rehabilitation for athletes in an attempt to lessen pain while running, especially in those experiencing phantom limb pain (PLP). Utilization of a multidisciplinary team in the gait retraining process is recommended. There is a need for further research to determine the effects of running gait retraining for management of PLP in athletes with amputation.

calculate probabilities of 12 postoperative adverse events for all patients in the database. Two statistical methods (Hosmer Lemeshow graphs of deciles of risk and maximum Youden index) were compared in an attempt to define "high risk." RESULTS: Hosmer-Lemeshow plots suggested that a meaningful definition of the "high risk" patient was the 10 th decile of risk. Maximum Youden index found lower risk cutoff points for defining "high risk" patients (close to the overall event rates) and included more patients with events. This resulted in many more patients classified as "high risk" and higher number of patients needed to be treated (NNT) to prevent one complication. Some specialties (thoracic, vascular, general) had relatively high proportions of "high risk" patients, while others (otolaryngology, plastic) had much lower proportions.CONCLUSION: SURPAS could be used to define a "high risk" surgical population that may benefit from risk-mitigating interventions. A cutoff at the 10 th decile approach is preferable as it results in a greater cutoff value and lower numbers needed to treat.