The Ming deposit, Baie Verte, Newfoundland, Canada, is an Early Ordovician bimodal-mafic, Cu-Au-(ZnAg) volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit. The deposit consists of a number of ore lenses that are stacked in the uppermost part of the Rambler rhyolite. One of the uppermost lenses, the 1806 zone, is enriched in Au and Ag. The deposit has been affected by Silurian-Devonian greenschist to amphibolite grade metamorphism and polyphase deformation and this has led to debates as to whether the Au-Ag enrichment in the deposit is syngenetic or a product of a later metamorphic and structural overprint.The 1806 zone consists predominantly of discordant sulfide stringer, stratabound semimassive to massive sulfides and a weakly mineralized silicified cap zone. The ore is largely hosted within the footwall Rambler rhyolite that is strongly altered to quartz-sericite ± green mica with sporadic chlorite-biotite. Base and precious metal zoning is developed from the down-plunge portion (Cu-Au) to the up-plunge portion (Cu-Zn-Au-AgPb) of the 1806 zone. The ore mineralogy and mineral chemistry are complex and are interpreted to be of an intermediate sulfidation type. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are the dominant sulfide species with minor to accessory sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, and arsenopyrite. Sulfosalts including Ag-bearing tennantite-tetrahedrite, stannite, boulangerite, and loellingite, and precious metal-rich phases are common throughout the deposit. Precious metals occur as (1) mercurian electrum (7.93-20.57 wt % Hg) and (2) various Ag phases (miargyrite, pyrargyrite, mercurian stephanite, unnamed AgCuFeS phase, Ag-Hg ± Au alloys) that are more abundant in the up-plunge portion of the 1806 zone. Tellurides and bismuthides are present in trace amounts. Oxides (cassiterite and magnetite) are present exclusively in the down-plunge portion of the 1806 zone.The deposit geometry, metals distribution, complex ore assemblages, abundant sulfosalts, and the significant concentration of the epithermal suite of elements (e.g., Au, Ag, As, Hg, Sb, Bi) in the ore strongly contrast with those of orogenic Au deposits and support a syngenetic or synvolcanic origin for precious metals in the Ming VMS deposit, including a possible magmatic input into the 1806 zone ore-forming system.Evidence for a late, syndeformation precious metal emplacement via orogenic overprinting is lacking at the 1806 zone and all data point to a syngenetic origin for precious metal enrichment, indicating that Ordovician Appalachian VMS deposits are favorable targets for Au. Nevertheless, Silurian-Devonian metamorphism and deformation have resulted in textural recrystallization and local remobilization of precious metals and the main fabrics largely control the current geometry of the host succession and of the Ming orebody.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate blood types of domestic cats in two cities in Western Canada (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and Calgary, Alberta), as well as to determine the risk of mismatched transfusion and neonatal isoerythrolysis. Several cat studies around the world have shown variability in the prevalence of blood types in domestic and pedigree cats. Canadian data based on feline blood types is based out of Montreal. In this study the cohort of cats revealed a higher than anticipated prevalence; of 5% type B and 0.6% AB blood types. In our study, blood typing was performed in 400 domestic cats; 200 in Saskatoon and 200 in Calgary. Blood typing was performed using the gel tube method and the risk of transfusion mismatch (MT) was estimated by adding the risk of a major transfusion reaction and the risk of a minor transfusion reaction. The risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) was estimated according to the equation (p²)(q²) + 2pq(q²), with q being the b allele frequency and p = 1 -q. There was an identical frequency for feline blood types in both Saskatoon and Calgary cats, with 96% type A, 4% type B, and 0% AB. Based on these percentages, the risks of MT and NI in domestic cats were 7.6 and 4 % respectively. The frequency of type B cats in the population was similar to that in the previous Canadian study. These results demonstrate regional differences in prevalence of type B blood in domestic shorthairs across the world and serve to reinforce recommendations to blood type prior to transfusion or mating.

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This chapter examines how the structural provisions of the American Constitution and the federalist system of government they create uniquely shape the landscape of regulation for technology in the United States. The chapter’s inquiry focuses on the biomedical technologies associated with assisted reproduction and embryo research. These areas present vexing normative questions about the introduction and deployment of these technologies, showing the mechanisms, dynamics, virtues, and limits of the federalist system of government for the regulation of technology. In particular, the differing jurisdictional scope of federal and state regulation results in overlap and interplay between the two regulatory systems. The consequence of this dynamic is often a wide divergence in judgments about law and public policy. The chapter’s review of the constitutionally fragmented regime currently regulating different biotechnologies questions whether such a decentralized approach is well suited to technologies that involve essential moral and ethical judgments about the human person.