Heat stress (hs) treatment of cell cultures of Lycopersicon peruvianum (Lp, tomato)

Primary care providers (PCPs) can empower their patients to make health-promoting behavior changes. Many guidelines recommend that PCPs counsel overweight and obese patients about weight loss, yet few studies examine the impact of provider weight loss counseling on actual changes in patient behavior. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies of survey data examining provider weight loss counseling and its association with changes in patient weight loss behavior. We reviewed the published literature using keywords related to weight loss advice. We used meta-analytic techniques to compute and aggregate effect sizes for the meta-analysis. We also tested variables that had the potential to moderate the responses. A total of 32 studies met criteria for the literature review. Of these, 12 were appropriate for the meta-analysis. Most studies demonstrated a positive effect of provider weight loss advice on patient weight loss behavior. In random effects meta-analysis, the overall mean weighted effect size for patient weight loss efforts was odds ratio (OR)=3.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.71, 5.49; P<0.01), indicating a statistically significant impact of weight loss advice. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of advice in studies using obese patients alone versus mixed samples (obese alone OR=3.44, 95% CI 2.37, 5.00; mixed sample OR=3.98, 95% CI 2.53, 6.26, P=0.63). PCP advice on weight loss appears to have a significant impact on patient attempts to change behaviors related to their weight. Providers should address weight loss with their overweight and obese patients.

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) will be a reportable health measure in the United States (US) through implementation of Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) guidelines. We evaluated current documentation of BMI, and documentation and control of associated risk factors by BMI category, based on electronic health records from a 12-clinic primary care network.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 79,947 active network patients greater than 18 years of age seen between 7/05 - 12/06. We defined BMI category as normal weight (NW, 18-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (OW, 25-29.9), and obese (OB, ≥ 30). We measured documentation (yes/no) and control (above/below) of the following three risk factors: blood pressure (BP) ≤130/≤85 mmHg, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ≤130 mg/dL (3.367 mmol/L), and fasting glucose <100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L) or casual glucose <200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L).ResultsBMI was documented in 48,376 patients (61%, range 34-94%), distributed as 30% OB, 34% OW, and 36% NW. Documentation of all three risk factors was higher in obesity (OB = 58%, OW = 54%, NW = 41%, p for trend <0.0001), but control of all three was lower (OB = 44%, OW = 49%, NW = 62%, p = 0.0001). The presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes modified some associations with obesity, and OB patients with CVD or diabetes had low rates of control of all three risk factors (CVD: OB = 49%, OW = 50%, NW = 56%; diabetes: OB = 42%, OW = 47%, NW = 48%, p < 0.0001 for adiposity-CVD or diabetes interaction).ConclusionsIn a large primary care network BMI documentation has been incomplete and for patients with BMI measured, risk factor control has been poorer in obese patients compared with NW, even in those with obesity and CVD or diabetes. Better knowledge of BMI could provide an opportunity for improved quality in obesity care.

The 23 kDa polypeptide of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II has been extracted from pea photosystem II particles by washing with 1 M NaCl and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. The N-terminal amino acid sequence has been determined and specific antisera have been raised in rabbits and used to screen a pea-leaf cDNA library in lambda gt11. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of two clones provided the nucleotide sequence for the full 23 kDa polypeptide. The deduced amino acid sequence showed it to code for a mature protein of 186 amino acid residues with an N-terminal presequence of 73 amino acid residues showing a high degree of conservation with previously reported 23 kDa sequences from spinach and Chlamydomonas. Southern blots of genomic DNA from pea probed with the labelled cDNA gave rise to only one band suggesting that the protein is encoded by a single gene. Northern blots of RNA extracted from various organs indicated a message of approximately 1.1 kb, in good agreement with the size of the cDNA, in all chlorophyll-containing tissues. Western blots of protein extracted from the same organs indicated that the 23 kDa polypeptide was present in all major organs of the plant except the roots.

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