People with schizophrenia report much higher rates of sexual dysfunction than do the general population. Men and women with schizophrenia have a different pattern of sexual dysfunction.

No abstract

There are a wide variety of reactive species which can affect cell function, including reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and lipid species. Some are formed endogenously through enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways, and others are introduced through diet or environmental exposure. Many of these reactive species can interact with biomolecules and can result in oxidative post-translational modification of proteins. It is well documented that some oxidative modifications cause macromolecular damage and cell death. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that certain classes of reactive species initiate cell signaling by reacting with specific side chains of peptide residues without causing cell death. This process is generally termed “redox signaling,” and its role in physiological and pathological processes is a subject of active investigation. This review will give an overview of oxidative protein modification as a mechanism of redox signaling, including types of reactive species and how they modify proteins, examples of modified proteins, and a discussion about the current concepts in this area.

The IgA isotype of human antibodies triggers inflammatory responses via the IgA-specific receptor FcαRI (CD89). Structural studies have suggested that IgA1 N-glycans could modulate the interaction with FcαRI. We have carried out detailed biophysical analyses of three IgA1 samples purified from human serum and recombinant IgA1-Fc and compared their binding to FcαRI. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed wide variation in the distribution of polymeric species between IgA1 samples, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry showed overlapping but distinct populations of N-glycan species between IgA1 samples. Kinetic and equilibrium data from surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that variation in the IgA1 CH2 N-glycans had no effect on the kinetics or affinity constants for binding to FcαRI. Indeed, complete enzymatic removal of the IgA1 N-glycans yielded superimposable binding curves. These findings have implications for renal diseases such as IgA nephropathy.