13-S-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-S-HODE), the product of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) metabolism of linoleic acid, enhances cellular mitogenic responses to certain growth factors. Other observations have questioned whether 13-S-HODE has tumorigenic effects. Our study evaluated the hypothesis that 15-LOX-1 is overexpressed in colon cancers resulting in an increase in intracellular 13-S-HODE. 15-LOX-1 and 13-S-HODE were quantified using western blots, ELISA and immunohistochemistry in 18 human colon cancers with paired normal colonic mucosa. Additionally, 15-LOX-1 expression was measured by western blots in three transformed colonic cell lines and in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. Next, we evaluated 13-S-HODE effects on cellular proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in a transformed colonic cell line (RKO). Cell cycle distributions were measured by flow cytometry and apoptosis was assessed by phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy, flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assay. 15-LOX-1 immunohistochemistry staining scores were reduced in tumor tissues (P

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