The dose-response trends identified in this analysis support the theory of progression in resistance program design and can be useful in the development of training programs designed to optimize the effort to benefit ratio.

The clinical phenotype of 45 genetically confirmed McArdle patients is described.In the majority of patients (84%), the onset of symptoms was from early childhood, but diagnosis was frequently delayed until after 30 years of age. Not all patients could recognise a second wind, although it was always seen with exercise assessment. A history of myoglobinuria was not universal, and episodes of acute renal failure had occurred in a minority (11%). The condition does not appear to adversely affect pregnancy and childbirth. Clinical examination was normal in most patients, muscle hypertrophy was present in 24% and mild muscle wasting and weakness was seen only in patients over 40 years of age and was limited to shoulder girdle and axial muscles. The serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated in all but one pregnant patient. Screening for the mutations p.Arg50X (R50X) and p.Gly205Ser (G205S) showed at least one mutated allele in 96% of Caucasian British patients, with an allele frequency of 77% for p.Arg50X in this population. A 12-minute walking test to evaluate patients is described, results demonstrated a wide spectrum of severity with the range of distance walked being 195-1980 metres, the mean distance walked was 512m suggesting significant functional impairment in most patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare linear periodization (LP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP) for strength gains. Twenty men (age = 21 +/- 2.3 years) were randomly assigned to LP (n = 10) or DUP (n = 10) groups. One repetition maximum (1RM) was recorded for bench press and leg press as a pre-, mid-, and posttest. Training involved 3 sets (bench press and leg press), 3 days per week. The LP group performed sets of 8 RM during weeks 1-4, 6 RM during weeks 4-8, and 4 RM during weeks 9-12. The DUP group altered training on a daily basis (Monday, 8 RM; Wednesday, 6 RM; Friday, 4 RM). Analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed statistically significant differences favoring the DUP group between T1 to T2 and T1 to T3. Making program alterations on a daily basis was more effective in eliciting strength gains than doing so every 4 weeks.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of exercise timing on postprandial lipemia responses. Subjects were 21 recreationally trained men (ages 27 +/- 1.7 yr). Each subject performed four trials: 1) Control (fat meal only), 2) Post (exercise 1 h after a fat meal), 3) 1 h-Pre (exercise 1 h before a fat meal), and 4) 12 h-Pre (exercise 12 h before a fat meal). In each trial, subjects had a standard fat meal to induce postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Blood samples were taken at 0 h (immediately before the fat meal) and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after the meal. In the exercise trials, each subject exercised at 60% of maximal O2 consumption for 1 h. The results indicated that triglyceride area under the curve scores in premeal-exercise trials were lower (P < 0. 05) than those in Post and Control. At 24 h, total high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in the premeal-exercise trials was higher (P < 0.05) than that at 0 h, whereas total HDL-cholesterol was not changed in Control and Post. At 24 h, HDL subtype 2-cholesterol was higher (P < 0.05) in the premeal-exercise trials than in Control, which did not differ from Post. These results suggest that exercising before a fat meal may have a beneficial effect on the triglyceride response and HDL metabolism, which may blunt atherosclerotic process induced by the fat meal.

Objective: This study compared three professionally recommended anthropometric body composition prediction equations for men to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and then developed an updated equation, DXA Criterion (DC) from DXA. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Exercise Physiology Lab. University of Missouri-Columbia, USA. Subjects: A total of 160 men aged 18-62 y old. Interventions: Percent body fat (%BF) by anthropometry was compared to DXA on the same day. Results: Although %BF was significantly correlated (r ¼ 0.923-0.942) (Po0.01) with DXA for all three equations, each equation underestimated %BF (range ¼ 3.1-3.3%) (Po0.01) compared to DXA. The following DC equation for men was created: %BF ¼ 0.465 þ 0.180(S7SF)À0.0002406(S7SF) 2 þ 0.06619(age); (S7SF ¼ sum of chest, midaxillary, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, thigh; age ¼ years). The predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) R 2 was high (0.90) and the PRESS standard error of estimates was excellent (2.2% at the mean) for the DC equation when applied to our sample of 160 men. Conclusions: The currently recommended anthropometric equations for men underestimate %BF compared to DXA. The DC equation yields a more accurate estimation of %BF in men aged 18-62 y old. The results from this study support the need for the current %BF standards and norms for men to be adjusted upward.