The contributions of complement-dependent phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity (SBA) to the killing of 62 strains of meningococci were examined by using C8-depleted or pooled human serum (PHS). The complement-dependent nature of killing by neutrophils was confirmed by restoring survival to control values by using heated serum. Serogroups B and 29E, but not A, C, Y, and W135, were ingested and killed by neutrophils in C8-depleted PHS (PHS-C8Dep; 41.7% +/- 7.3% and 60.5% +/- 17.8% vs. greater than or equal to 100% survival, respectively, at 30 min). Group B meningococci were resistant to complement-mediated SBA, whereas group Y were susceptible. Deposition of C3 on serogroups B and Y was similar (28.5 +/- 2.9 vs. 23.5 +/- 2.7 C3 fluorescence units; P greater than .05); however, susceptibility to complement-dependent phagocytosis and complement-mediated SBA of serogroups B and Y did not correlate. We also examined meningococcal phagocytosis by using serum from a C8-deficient patient. In contrast to PHS-C8Dep, this serum supported rapid phagocytic killing of serogroups A, C, Y, and W135 meningococci. This finding suggests that vaccinating individuals deficient in late-complement components may shift the burden of host defense from SBA to phagocytosis.

We have made energy-momentum maps for the experimental end-over-end rotational energy and the two-dimensional bending vibrational energy, both of which confirm the dominating effects of nontrivial quantum monodromy in cyanogen isothiocyanate. Accidental resonances in the rotational spectra yield accurate intervals between bending states.

Quantum monodromy has a strong impact on the ro-vibrational energy levels of chain molecules whose bending potential energy function has the form of the bottom of a champagne bottle (i.e. with a hump or punt) around the linear configuration. NCNCS, cyanogen iso-thiocyanate, is a particularly good example of such a molecule and clearly exhibits a distinctive monodromy-induced dislocation of the energy level pattern at the bending-rotation energy at the top of the potential energy hump. Indeed, NCNCS [B. P. Winnewisser et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 243002] and the water molecule [N. F. Zobov et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2005, 414, 193-197] were the first two molecules for which experimental confirmation of quantum monodromy was obtained. We used the fast scan sub-millimetre spectroscopic technique (FASSST) to extend the measurements and spectral analysis to pure rotational transitions (end-over-end) in bending vibrational states lying well above the monodromy point. The analysis of 9204 lines assigned to 7 vibrational states, presented here, shows that the topological properties of the bending potential function are mapped onto every aspect of the ro-vibrational energy levels involving excitation of the quasi-linear bending vibration. In order to model the large amplitude dynamics of such a molecular system, and also to achieve some insight beyond satisfactory parameters for reproducing the spectrum, we used the generalized semi-rigid bender (GSRB) Hamiltonian, which is described in some detail. This Hamiltonian provides a good description of the energy levels over the seven bending states observed, coming close to experimental accuracy. Due to high J values of the measured rotational transitions (J

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