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On March 24 and 25, 2017 researchers and clinicians from around the world met at Temple University in Philadelphia to discuss the current knowledge of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and its relationship to human disease. The conference was held because of shared concern that MAP is a zoonotic bacterium that poses a threat not only to animal health but also human health. In order to further study this problem, the conferees discussed ways to improve MAP diagnostic tests and discussed potential future anti-MAP clinical trials. The conference proceedings may be viewed on the website. A summary of the salient work in this field is followed by recommendations from a majority of the conferees.

The effect of gentamicin against 130 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared with that of two investigational aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and amikacin. Minimal inhibitory concentration data indicated that, on a weight basis, tobramycin was two to four times as active as gentamicin against most isolates. However, 14 of 18 organisms highly resistant to gentamicin (≥80 μg/ml) were also highly resistant to tobramycin. Amikacin was the least active aminoglycoside on a weight basis, but none of the isolates were highly resistant to this antibiotic. When therapeutically achievable concentrations were used, adding carbenicillin to gentamicin or to tobramycin enhanced inhibitory activity against those isolates susceptible (≤5 μg/ml) or moderately resistant (10 to 40 μg/ml) to the aminoglycoside. Such synergy was seldom demonstrated for isolates highly resistant to gentamicin or tobramycin. The combination of carbenicillin and amikacin enhanced inhibition against all but two of the isolates. Both tobramycin and amikacin offer in vitro advantages over gentamicin against P. aeruginosa .