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Theories of political socialization contain competing expectations about immigrants' potential for political resocialization. Premigration beliefs and actions may be resistant to change, exposure to the new political system may facilitate adaptation, or immigrants may find ways to transfer beliefs and behaviors from one political system to another. This analysis empirically tests these three alternative theories of resocialization. The results indicate that both transfer and exposure matter; there is little evidence that premigration beliefs and actions are resistant to change. Moreover, how immigrants adapt depends on which orientation or behavior is being considered and on what kind of political environments migrants come from.

Eleven fresh frozen cadaveric knee specimens were mounted in a knee kinematics test device, and normal patellar movements were evaluated with use of an external device for direct measurement of patellar movements. The effects of four different measurement conditions were assessed through alteration of one condition and determination of its effect on patellar kinematics with the use of six specimens. The four conditions included (a) change of the measuring axis from an axis parallel to the central axis of the femur (femoral axis) to one parallel to the central axis of the tibia (tibial axis), (b) rotation of the femoral axis internally 6 degrees, (c) change of the direction of the quadriceps force from parallel to the mechanical line of the lower extremity to a direction parallel to the femoral shaft, and (d) increase of the magnitude of the quadriceps force from 111 to 500 N. During knee flexion, the patella shifted laterally after a slight initial medial shift, tilted laterally from midflexion to 90 degrees, and gradually rotated medially. The patellar shift relative to the tibial axis appeared to be more medial than the shift measured relative to the femoral axis; the discrepancy was caused by the valgus position of the tibia relative to the femur. Changing the rotational angle of the femoral axis artificially changed the patellar position. Varying the direction of the quadriceps within the narrow range and increasing the quadriceps force did not affect patellar movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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