No abstract

The role of human bone marrow (BM) CD8+ T cells in the immune response to viral Ags is poorly defined. We report here the identification and characterization of a functionally enhanced effector memory CD8+ T cell population (TEM) in the BM of patients undergoing total joint replacement for osteoarthritis. These BM-derived TEM differ strikingly from correlate cells in peripheral blood (PB), expressing elevated levels of CD27, HLA-DR, CD38, CD69, and unique patterns of chemokine receptors. Interestingly, while BM TEM have low levels of resting perforin and granzyme B, these molecules evidence profound up-regulation in response to TCR stimulation resulting in enhanced cytotoxic potential. Moreover, compared with the TEM subset in PB, BM CD8+ TEM cells demonstrate a more vigorous recall response to pooled viral Ags. Our results reveal that human BM serves as a repository for viral Ag-specific TEM with great therapeutic potential in vaccine development.

NA Laryngoscope, 127:E166-E169, 2017.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Design and test a novel biomaterial for injection laryngoplasty aimed to increase the duration of effectiveness of micronized acellular dermis.Study Design: Animal model. Methods: Injection laryngoplasty was performed in three groups (n 5 5) of New Zealand White rabbits. Acellular dermis was either used alone as a control (group 1), was combined with undifferentiated stem cells (group 2), or with predifferentiated chondrocytic cells (group 3). Groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with growth factors. Animals were sacrificed 4 and 12 weeks after laryngoplasty and histologic analysis was completed. The major outcome measure was volume of tissue remaining.Results: After 4 weeks, the mean volume of tissue remaining was 341 6 89 mm 3 , 295 6 102 mm 3 , and 133 6 15 mm 3 , for groups 1 to 3, respectively. At the 12-week time point, volumes were 62 6 62 mm 3 , 235 6 35 mm 3 , and 107 6 99 mm 3 . After 12 weeks, there was a significantly higher volume in group 2 compared to group 1 or 3 (P 5 .01, P 5 .04). Volumes between week 4 and week 12 were significantly lower in group 1 (P 5 .02), but not significantly different for groups 2 and 3 (P 5 .38, P 5 .74). Histologic evaluation revealed a robust lymphocytic infiltration in all cases as well as morphologic and immunophenotypic features suggestive of chondrogenic differentiation in a single animal.Conclusions: Micronized acellular dermis combined with stem cells and growth factors showed significantly less resorption 12 weeks after injection laryngoplasty compared to micronized acellular dermis alone. Groups using novel tissue-engineered biomaterial showed a lower resorption rate over time compared with acellular dermis alone.