Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) is a significant form of travel in most countries. However, relatively little VFR research has been undertaken, and few destinations have developed dedicated VFR marketing campaigns. However, altered conditions have created a different environment. People unable to see friends and family due to lockdowns are focused on reconnecting. There has been a shift in economic conditions, travel opportunities, safety, and connections. This article presents three components: (a) the psychology of lockdowns in reducing social connections; (b) a content analysis on VFR travel; and (c) recommendations on capitalising on VFR travel.

Background Impaired facial emotion expression recognition (FEER) has typically been considered a correlate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Now, the alexithymia hypothesis is suggesting that this emotion processing problem is instead related to alexithymia, which frequently co-occurs with ASD. By combining predictive coding theories of ASD and simulation theories of emotion recognition, it is suggested that facial mimicry may improve the training of FEER in ASD and alexithymia. Objective This study aims to evaluate a novel mimicry task to improve FEER in adults with and without ASD and alexithymia. Additionally, this study will aim to determine the contributions of alexithymia and ASD to FEER ability and assess which of these 2 populations benefit from this training task. Methods Recruitment will primarily take place through an ASD community group with emphasis put on snowball recruiting. Included will be 64 consenting adults equally divided between participants without an ASD and participants with an ASD. Participants will be screened online using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10; cut-off score of 22), Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) followed by a clinical interview with a provisional psychologist at the Federation University psychology clinic. The clinical interview will include assessment of ability, anxiety, and depression as well as discussion of past ASD diagnosis and confirmatory administration of the Autism Mental Status Exam (AMSE). Following the clinical interview, the participant will complete the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ) and then undertake a baseline assessment of FEER. Consenting participants will then be assigned using a permuted blocked randomization method into either the control task condition or the mimicry task condition. A brief measure of satisfaction of the task and a debriefing session will conclude the study. Results The study has Federation University Human Research Ethics Committee approval and is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials. Participant recruitment is predicted to begin in the third quarter of 2021. Conclusions This study will be the first to evaluate the use of a novel facial mimicry task condition to increase FEER in adults with ASD and alexithymia. If efficacious, this task could prove useful as a cost-effective adjunct intervention that could be used at home and thus remove barriers to entry. This study will also explore the unique effectiveness of this task in people without an ASD, with an ASD, and with alexithymia. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12619000705189p; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377455 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/24543

BACKGROUND Impaired facial emotion expression recognition (FEER) has typically been considered a correlate of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Now, the alexithymia hypothesis is suggesting that this emotion processing problem is instead related to alexithymia, which frequently co-occurs with ASD. By combining predictive coding theories of ASD, and simulation theories of emotion recognition, it is suggested that facial mimicry may improve the training of FEER in ASD and alexithymia. OBJECTIVE The current study will evaluate a novel mimicry task to improve FEER in adults with, and without ASD and alexithymia. Additionally, this study will aim to determine the contributions of alexithymia, and ASD to FEER ability and assess which of these two populations benefit from this training task. METHODS Recruitment will primarily take place through an ASD community group with emphasis put on snowball recruiting. Included will be N=64 consenting adults, equally divided between participants without an ASD, and participants with an ASD. Participants will be screened online using the K-10 (cut off score of 22), ASQ-10 and TAS-20 followed by a clinical interview with a provisional psychologist at the Federation University psychology clinic. The clinical interview will include assessment of ability, anxiety and depression as well as discussion of past ASD diagnosis and confirmatory administration of the Autism Mental Status Exam (AMSE). Following the clinical interview, the participant will complete the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ), and then undertake a baseline assessment of FEER. Consenting participants will then be assigned using a permuted blocked randomisation method into either the control task condition or the mimicry task condition. A brief measure of satisfaction of the task and a debriefing session will conclude the study. RESULTS The study has Federation University Human Research Ethics Committee approval and participant recruitment is predicted to begin in quarter one of 2021. CONCLUSIONS This study will be the first to evaluate the use of a novel facial mimicry task condition to increase FEER in adults with ASD and alexithymia. If efficacious, this task could prove useful as a cost-effective adjunct intervention which could be used at home and thus remove barriers to entry. This study will also explore the unique effectiveness of this task in people without an ASD, with an ASD and with alexithymia. CLINICALTRIAL The study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials (ACTRN: ACTRN12619000705189).