No abstract

From a sociocultural perspective an object of research on mathematics teaching and learning can be seen as a particular moment in the zoom of a lens. Researchers focus on a specific part of a complex process whilst taking account of the other views that would be obtained by pulling back or zooming in. Researching teaching and learning mathematics must be seen in the same way. Thus in zooming out researchers address the practices and meanings within which students become school-mathematical actors, whilst zooming in enables a study of mediation and of individual trajectories within the classroom. In each choice of object of research the range of other settings have to be incorporated into the analysis. Such analyses aim to embrace the complexity of the teaching-learning process. This article will present a cultural, discursive psychology for mathematics education that takes language and discursive practices as central in that meanings precede us and we are constituted within language and the associated practices, in the multiple settings within which we grow up and participate.

To assess urology residency program modifications in the context of COVID-19, and perceptions of the impact on urology trainees. METHODSA cross-sectional survey of program leadership and residents at accredited US urology residencies was administered between April 28, 2020 to March 11, 2020. Total cohort responses are reported, and subanalyses were preformed comparing responses between those in in high vs low COVID-19 geographic regions, and between program leaders vs residents. RESULTSProgram leaders from 43% of programs and residents from 18% of programs responded. Respondents reported decreased surgical volume (83%-100% varying by subspecialty), increased use of telehealth (99%), a transition to virtual educational platforms (95%) and decreased size of inpatient resident teams (90%). Most residents are participating in care of COVID-19 patients (83%) and 20% endorsed that urology residents have been re-deployed. Seventy nine percent of respondents perceive a negative impact of recent events on urology surgery training and anxiety regarding competency upon completion of residency training was more pronounced among respondents in high COVID-19 regions. CONCLUSIONMajor modifications to urology training programs were implemented in response to COVID-19. Attention must be paid to the downstream effects of the training disruption on urology residents.

No abstract

This article reports on a doctoral dissertation that examined the current state in the philosophy of mathematics, with a view to identifying possible connections with, and influences upon, mathematics education. Recent work in the sociology of knowledge, proposing a strong case for a fallibilist epistemology, can be seen as one perspective, counterposed against absolutist epistemologies. It is proposed that these two views are reflected in the practice of mathematics education, in teaching, research and attitudes to current issues. A field study was carried out, not to provide empirical support but to examine some of the consequences of the theoretical framework proposed, and part of this is described. Finally, some implications of the research are discussed.