Abstract:Policy interest in the role of volunteering as a route to employment is enduring, with an assumption that links between volunteering, employability and employment are positive and straightforward. This has largely been supported by existing evidence, although there have been few longitudinal studies testing the theory. Analysing data from the British Household Panel Survey, we used multivariate techniques to explore the effects of volunteering on moves from being out of work into work; and on retention and wage progression for people in employment. We suggest that the relationship is complex: volunteering may have a positive effect on the labour market position of some individuals in some circumstances; for others it may have a negative, or no, effect. We offer some suggestions for the variations we found: the limitations of the dataset and our analysis; a limited concept of employability; and too narrow a view of volunteering and its impact.

Docetaxel chemotherapy in hormone-naïve mPC has significant toxicities, but has a similar effect on time to progression and overall survival as seen in randomised trials. Chemotherapy should be started at ≥3 weeks after ADT.

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ImplicationsOestrogens in men are derived from the aromatisation of androgens therefore most androgen suppression strategies used to treat prostate cancer, such as LHRHa, cause a dual set of toxicities related to both androgen and oestrogen depletion. Using tE2 to produce castrate levels of testosterone in men with prostate cancer mitigates the side effects of LHRHa caused by oestrogen depletion (e.g. hot flushes, osteoporosis and adverse metabolic profiles), as well as avoiding the cardiovascular toxicity seen with oral oestrogen.Oestrogens administered transdermally should be considered for androgen suppression in the management of prostate cancer.