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ECOtality was awarded a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to lead a large-scale electric vehicle charging infrastructure demonstration, called The EV Project. ECOtality has partnered with Nissan North America, General Motors, the Idaho National Laboratory, and others to deploy and collect data from over 5,000 Nissan LEAFs TM and Chevrolet Volts and over 10,000 charging systems in 18 regions across the United States. This paper summarizes usage of residential charging units in The EV Project, based on data collected through the end of 2011. This information is provided to help analysts assess the impact on the electric grid of early adopter charging of grid-connected electric drive vehicles.A method of data aggregation was developed to summarize charging unit usage by the means of two metrics: charging availability and charging demand. Charging availability is plotted to show the percentage of charging units connected to a vehicle over time. Charging demand is plotted to show charging demand on the electric gird over time.Charging availability for residential charging units is similar in each EV Project region. It is low during the day, steadily increases in evening, and remains high at night. Charging demand, however, varies by region.Two EV Project regions were examined to identify regional differences. In Nashville, where EV Project participants do not have time-of-use electricity rates, demand increases each evening as charging availability increases, starting at about 16:00. Demand peaks in the 20:00 hour on weekdays. In San Francisco, where the majority of EV Project participants have the option of choosing a time-of-use rate plan from their electric utility, demand spikes at 00:00. This coincides with the beginning of the off-peak electricity rate period. Demand peaks at 01:00.

ECOtality North America, OnStar, and the Idaho National Laboratory have partnered to collect and analyze electronic data from Chevrolet Volts enrolled in The EV Project, which is a large-scale plug-in electric vehicle infrastructure demonstration being conducted in 21 metropolitan areas across the United States. This paper presents results of an early analysis of these data. The data set analyzed came from 923 privately owned vehicles, which logged over 4.7 million driving miles from October 2011 to October 2012. These data are used to identify the potential of electric vehicle (EV) mode driving, based on driver and charging behavior. Driving and charging behavior is quantified with metrics such as daily vehicle miles traveled, number of charging events performed per day, and distance driven between consecutive charging events. Drivers averaged 40.7 miles per day, with a median of 31.6 miles per day. Vehicles were charged 1.46 times per vehicle day driven on average, with a median of 1 charging event per day driven. This results in an average of 27.9 miles between consecutive charging events and a median distance of 19.8 miles between charging events. Underlying distributions for these metrics also are examined to find a wide variation in driving and charging behavior across vehicles and vehicle days. Overall, 81% of the vehicles averaged 40 miles or less between consecutive charging events. Assuming a fixed EV mode range of 35 miles, vehicles in this study had the potential to drive 73% of their miles in EV mode. These results show that Chevrolet Volt drivers participating in The EV Project found frequent opportunities to charge their vehicles, such that a high percentage of their driving was performed in EV mode. Also, drivers took advantage of their vehicle's extended range mode to meet their driving needs beyond the all-electric range of their vehicle.

This study explored federal fleet vehicles and their usage characteristics, with a primary goal of supporting the goals of Presidential Executive Order 13514, which includes the following:  Pursuing opportunities with vendors and contractors to address and incentivize GHG emission reductions and petroleum use reductions  Implementing strategies and accommodations for transit, travel, training, and conferences that actively reduce carbon emissions associated with commuting and travel by agency staff

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