Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the development of a country's economy by providing employment and using local resources; they also have the ability to quickly adapt to external and internal changes and technological developments due to their flexible nature. The development of SMEs continues to be encouraged, but there are many complex factors that impact their development, primarily focused on the lack of resources. This study seeks to determine priority sectors for developing SMEs and business units that offer the greatest potential opportunities. This study uses the AHP method, which is widely used in Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Out of the five criteria analyzed, human resources was the priority factor (28.1%) that must become the main focus for Yamaru enterprise. The results of this study can be adopted by other SMEs.

Some researchers have tried to challenge the dominance of Gricean maxims in terms of its consistency. One way oftesting itis by conducting research in vernacular language. This research is therefore conducted to revisit Gricean maxims in Manado Malay language, a language used by the people who live in Manado and its surroundings. This research, therefore, aims to find out (1) how the Cooperative Principle is violated in Manado Malay language, and (2) what the purpose of the generated implicatures are. The data used for analysis in this research were taken from recorded lunch break conversation of the lecturers at Unika De La Salle Manado in July 2016. The result showed that the Gricean maxims: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner were observed in Manado Malay language. It was also found that implicatures generated in Manado Malay language were meant for giving information. It can be concluded that Gricean maxims are consistent when implicatures occur in Manado Malay language. Furthermore, speakers of Manado Malay language usually produce implicature to give information and to joke.

Industry 4.0 is characterized by the digitalization of systems and processes in both service and manufacturing industries and has changed the way people live. Education plays a significant role in preparing the future workforce with the necessary technological skills and competencies required by industries and institutions. Studies have shown that soft-skills improve a student's ability to learn, increase the potential for success in their life and typically provide for an increase in future economic benefits. This study aims to determine the dominant soft-skills that the University students in Manado should possess. By comparing the perceptions of twenty-four lecturers of the of four criteria and twelve sub-criteria using both the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) methods, the researchers found that teamwork was dominant skill. The global analysis uncovered that integrity was the dominant factor overall. The findings were provided to University leaders with recommendations to incorporate the elements of teamwork and integrity into their teaching materials, teaching methods, and curriculum of the schools. Students should be taught to understand that these elements are essential to their future. This research proved that both AHP and Fuzzy-AHP methods were effective tools in analyzing and determining the dominant factors of soft-skills in the era of Industry 4.0. The researchers recommended other scholars conduct future studies using entrepreneurs or business practitioners as respondents.

Testing a theory is required to give room for the theory to improve and develop. This research is conducted for this reason. Specifically, this research is designed to identify the topics and reason of the violation of the maxim of quantity when the implicature is generated to complement the writer's earlier research. The data were collected by taking notes of the implicature produced by the participants during lunchtime at Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado. The result shows that in the violation of the maxim of quantity, participants use implicature mostly to share information. The most significant topics in the violations of the maxim of quantity are jobs and people.

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