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Thematic collection: This article is part of the Measurement and monitoring collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/measurement-and-monitoring

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The Lichfield Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifer is a strategic groundwater resource for the UK West Midlands. However, the flows of a number of streams have been heavily affected by abstraction. The catchment of one of these, the Leamonsley Brook, is under-drained by the Hanch Tunnel, a 5 km-long water transfer tunnel that is more than 150 years old. The Hanch Tunnel was excavated below the water-table for its entire length and is only partly lined. Regional-scale simulation of the aquifer was undertaken using a version of the USGS MODBRNCH code, which had been previously adapted to enable simulation of both open channel and pressurized pipe flow systems (the ‘Adit Code’). This paper reports on the simulation of the Hanch Tunnel, with an emphasis on the representation of this tunnel, and its effects on the groundwater flow in the Leamonsley Brook catchment. Critical aspects to consider when implementing the Adit Code are identified and discussed. The value of the application of the Adit Code for options appraisal to resolve the low-flow conditions of the Leamonsley Brook is explored.