The influence of potential and nominal sea water velocity upon the nature of calcareous deposits formed upon a cathodic steel surface has been investigated. Specific attention was focused upon change with exposure time of the current density to maintain a prescribed cathodic potential and upon thickness of the calcareous film. Equations have been developed whereby pH of the electrolyte adjacent to both a filmed and film-free surface can be rationalized in terms of cathodic current density and character of the electrolyte flow. Structure of calcareous deposits was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results are discussed within the frame of current understanding of marine cathodic protection and cathodic protection practices.

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The Mensa Project is a remote satellite subsea production system located in the Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Canyon 687, in approximately 5300 ft. of water.The development of this field required a production control umbilical for hydraulic and chemical injection service to the subsea wells.A steel tube umbilical design utilizing relatively large diameter, carbon steel tubing was selected for this project. Design verification testing was conducted and the umbilical was successfully manufactured and installed. TIle viability of utilizing continuous carbon steel tubing for subsea hydraulic umbilicals as well as the fabrication and installation of large steel tube umbilicals in ultra-deepwater has been demonstrated on the Mensa project.

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