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BRAND S., HILL S. and MUNDAY M. (2000) Assessing the impacts of foreign manufacturing on regional economies: the cases of Wales, Scotland and the West Midlands, Reg. Studies 34, 343-355. This paper examines the direct and indirect contributions made by foreign manufacturing companies to the regional economies of Wales, Scotland and the West Midlands. Survey data derived from foreign manufacturers in each region were used in conjunction with regional input-output tables to assess the comparative contributions of defined foreign and domestically owned sectors to regional value added. The analyses are a starting point for the more accurate targeting of regional resources to industry sectors in the respective regional economies. BRAND S., HILLS S. et MUNDAY M. (2000) Evaluer les retombees de l'industrie etrangere sur les economies regionales: etude de cas du Pays de Galles, de l'Ecosse et des West Midlands, Reg. Studies 34, 343-355. Cet article cherche � a examiner les roles direct et indirect joue par les entreprises industrielles etrangeres dans les economies regionales du Pays de Galles, de l'Ecosse et des West Midlands. A partir des donnees provenant d'une enquete aupres des industriels etrangers situes dans chaque region, conjointement avec des tableaux d'echanges intersectoriels, on evalue le role comparatif dans la valeur ajoutee regionale de quelques secteurs � a capital etranger ou domestique bien definis. Ces analyses constituent un premier pas dans le ciblage plus juste des ressources regionales affectees aux secteurs industriels dans les economies regionales en question. BRAND S., HILLS S. und MUNDAY M. (2000) Beurteilung der Auswirkung auslandischer Herstellung auf Regionalwirtschaften: der Fall Wales, Schottland und westliches Mittelland, Reg. Studies 34, 343-355. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den direkten und den indirekten Beitrag auslandischer Firmen der herstellenden Industrie auf die Regionalwirtschaften von Wales. Schottland und dem westlichen Mittelland des Vereinigten Konigreichs. Daten von Umfragen unter auslandischen Herstellern in jeder dieser Regionen wurden in Verbindung mit regionalen Aufwands-und Ertragstabellen dazu benutzt, die vergleichsweisen Beitrage bestimmter auslandischer und im Inlandbesitz befindlicher Sektoren auf regionalen Mehrwert hin zu bewerten. Die Analysen stellen einen Ausgangspunkt fur ein genaueres Abzielen auf regionale Reserven fur Industriesektoren in den jeweiligen Regionalwirtschaften dar.Foreign Manufacturing, Input-OUTPUT Tables, Economic Impacts,

BRAND S., (1997) On the appropriate use of location quotients in generating regional input-output tables: a comment, Reg. Studies 31, 791-794. This paper questions the FLQ as a useful contribution to the methods of constructing hybrid regional input-output tables. The genre of non-survey location estimators have a weak theoretical base and a poor empirical pedigree. The FLQ offers little to remedy the fundamental deficiencies of the genre. Research funds would be much more effectively employed in any form of survey based analysis. BRAND S. (1997) Sur l'emploi appropriedes quotients de localisation pour construire des tableaux d'echanges intersectoriels: un commentaire, Reg. Studies 31, 791-794. Cet article remet en question le FLQ (un quotient de localisation) comme methode de construction des tableaux d'echanges intersectoriels regionaux hybrides. Le genre de moyens d'estimer les echanges a partir des quotients de localisation qui ne proviennent pas des enquetes, se caracterise par une base theorique faible et de mauvaises origines empiriques. Le FLQ n'a pas beaucoup a aapporter a remedier aux faiblesses du genre. Il vaudrait mieux employer les fonds affectes a ala recherche pour faire n'importe quelle sorte d'analyse fondee sur une enquete. BRAND S. (1997) Zur angemessenen Benutzung von Standortquotienten (FLQ) bei der Aufstellung regionaler Aufwand-Ertragstabellen: eine Stellungnahme, Reg. Studies 31, 791-794. Dieser Aufsatz wirft die Frage auf, ob der FLQ einen nu�tzlichen Beitrag zu den Methoden der Aufstellung gemischter regionaler Aufwand-Ertragstabellen leistet. Die Gattung der nicht auf Untersuchung beruhenden FLQ zugeordenten Handelsberechner verfu�gt nur u�ber eine schwache theoretische Grundlage und einen du�rftigen empirischen Stammbaum. Der FLQ bietet wenig als Ersatz fu�r die grundlegenden Ma�ngel der Gattung. Forschungsmittel wu�rden sehr viel wirksamer fu�r jegliche Art auf Untersuchung beruhender Analyse eingesetzt.Hybrid Regional Input-OUTPUT Tables, Location Quotients,

Given the negative environmental impacts of intensive agriculture, there is an urgent need to reduce the impact of food production on biodiversity. Ecological restoration of farmland could potentially contribute to this goal. While the positive impacts of ecological restoration on biodiversity are well established, less evidence is available regarding impacts on economic development and employment. Potentially, prospects for economic development could be enhanced by ecological restoration though increased provision of ecosystem services, on which some economic activity depends. Here we examined this issue through the development of contrasting land use scenarios for the county of Dorset, southern England. Two scenarios of future agricultural expansion were compared with two scenarios of landscape-scale ecological restoration and the current situation. Impacts on provision of multiple ecosystem services (ES) were explored using InVEST models and proxy values for different land cover types. Impacts on economic employment were examined using an economic input-output model, which was adjusted for variation in ES flows using empirically determined ES dependency values for different economic sectors. Using the unadjusted input-output model, the scenarios had only a slight economic impact (≤ 0.3% Gross Value Added, GVA). Conversely, when the input-output model was adjusted to take account of ES flows, GVA increased by up to 5.4% in the restoration scenarios, whereas under the scenario with greatest agricultural expansion, GVA was reduced by -4.5%. Similarly, employment increased by up to 6.7% following restoration, compared to declines of up to -5.6% following maximum agricultural expansion. These results show that the economic contribution of rural land is far greater than that attributable to agricultural production alone. Landscape-scale restoration of agricultural land can potentially increase the contribution of farmland to economic development and employment, by increasing flows of multiple ES to the many economic sectors that depend on them.

This paper analyses the role of human capital in determining regional variations in firm births. It is argued that both the level and heterogeneity of human capital are particularly important for services. This is confirmed by an empirical analysis of data for sub-regions of Great Britain from 2001 to 2007 utilising ordinary leastsquares and maximum likelihood models incorporating spatial effects. Other variables found to impact on the creation of new service firms are related to labour market effects, agglomeration economies and competition; there are also significant differences in the impact of human capital between services and manufacturing.